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Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
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모든 교과서McMurry 8th EditionCh.22 - The Main Group Elements문제 22.60
22장, 문제 22.60

Compare some of the physical properties of H2S, NaH, and PdHx.

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Step 1: Start by identifying the type of bonding in each compound. H2S is a covalent compound, NaH is an ionic compound, and PdHx is a metallic compound.
Step 2: Consider the physical properties that are typically associated with each type of bonding. Covalent compounds like H2S usually have low melting and boiling points, are poor conductors of electricity, and are often gases or liquids at room temperature. Ionic compounds like NaH usually have high melting and boiling points, are good conductors of electricity when dissolved in water or melted, and are often solids at room temperature. Metallic compounds like PdHx usually have variable melting and boiling points, are good conductors of electricity and heat, and are often solids at room temperature.
Step 3: Consider the specific properties of each compound. For example, H2S is a gas at room temperature with a strong, unpleasant smell. NaH is a solid at room temperature that reacts violently with water. PdHx is a solid at room temperature that can absorb a large amount of hydrogen gas.
Step 4: Consider the effect of molecular structure on the properties of the compounds. For example, the bent shape of the H2S molecule due to its two lone pairs of electrons can affect its properties.
Step 5: Finally, compare the properties of the three compounds. For example, H2S and NaH are both poor conductors of electricity, but NaH has a much higher melting point. PdHx and NaH are both solids at room temperature, but PdHx is a much better conductor of electricity.

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주요 개념

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Molecular Structure and Polarity

The molecular structure of a compound determines its polarity, which affects its physical properties such as boiling point, solubility, and intermolecular interactions. For instance, H2S is a polar molecule due to its bent shape and the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and sulfur, leading to stronger dipole-dipole interactions compared to nonpolar molecules.
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가이드 코스
02:38
Molecular Polarity

Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds

Understanding the difference between ionic and covalent compounds is crucial for comparing physical properties. NaH is an ionic compound, which typically has high melting and boiling points due to strong electrostatic forces between ions, while H2S and PdHx are covalent, exhibiting lower melting and boiling points due to weaker van der Waals forces.
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02:11
Ionic Compounds Naming

Metal-Hydride Properties

Metal hydrides, such as PdHx, exhibit unique properties due to the interaction between metal and hydrogen. These compounds can have varying stoichiometries and can influence the physical properties like density and thermal conductivity, which differ significantly from those of molecular compounds like H2S and ionic compounds like NaH.
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Metallic Hydrides
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교과서 질문

Look at the location of elements A, B, C, and D in the following periodic table:

(d) Which hydrides react with water to give an acidic solution, and which give a basic solution?

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교과서 질문

Look at the location of elements A, B, C, and D in the following periodic table:

(a) Write the formula of the simplest binary hydride of each element.

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교과서 질문

GeCl4 reacts with Cl- to give GeCl62-, but CCl4 does not react with excess Cl-. Explain.

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교과서 질문

In what forms is oxygen commonly found in nature?

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교과서 질문

The following models represent the structures of binary hydrides

of second-row elements:

(a) Identify the nonhydrogen atom in each case, and write the molecular formula for each hydride.

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교과서 질문

Look at the location of elements A, B, C, and D in the following

periodic table:

(c) Which hydrides react with water to give H2 gas? Write a balanced net ionic equation for each reaction.

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