Assign oxidation numbers to each element in the following compounds. (f) HNO3

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Identify the oxidation number of hydrogen (H), which is typically +1 in most compounds.

Recognize that oxygen (O) usually has an oxidation number of -2 in compounds.

Let the oxidation number of nitrogen (N) be x.

Set up the equation based on the compound HNO3: 1 (for H) + x (for N) + 3(-2) (for O) = 0, because the compound is neutral.

Solve the equation: 1 + x - 6 = 0, to find the oxidation number of nitrogen.

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주요 개념

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Oxidation Number

An oxidation number is a theoretical charge assigned to an atom in a compound, reflecting its degree of oxidation or reduction. It helps in understanding electron transfer in redox reactions. The oxidation number can be positive, negative, or zero, depending on the atom's electron configuration and bonding.

Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers

There are specific rules for assigning oxidation numbers, such as: the oxidation number of an element in its standard state is zero, the oxidation number of hydrogen is typically +1, and oxygen usually has an oxidation number of -2. These rules provide a systematic approach to determine the oxidation states of elements in compounds.

Sum of Oxidation Numbers

The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound must equal zero, while in a polyatomic ion, it must equal the ion's charge. This principle is crucial for verifying the correctness of assigned oxidation numbers and ensuring that the overall charge balance is maintained in chemical formulas.