Determine whether or not each metal dissolves in 1 M HCl. For those metals that do dissolve, write a balanced redox reaction showing what happens when the metal dissolves. a. Cu b. Fe c. Au

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Understand the reactivity series of metals. Metals that are above hydrogen in the reactivity series can displace hydrogen from acids like HCl, leading to dissolution.

Step 2: Identify the position of each metal (Cu, Fe, Au) in the reactivity series. Copper (Cu) and gold (Au) are below hydrogen, while iron (Fe) is above hydrogen.

Step 3: Determine which metals will dissolve in 1 M HCl. Since Fe is above hydrogen, it will dissolve in HCl, while Cu and Au will not.

Step 4: Write the balanced redox reaction for the metal that dissolves. For Fe, the reaction is: \[ \text{Fe (s)} + 2\text{HCl (aq)} \rightarrow \text{FeCl}_2\text{(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{(g)} \].

Step 5: Verify the redox reaction by checking the oxidation states. Fe goes from 0 to +2 (oxidation), and H goes from +1 to 0 (reduction), confirming the redox process.

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주요 개념

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Acid-Base Reactions

Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of protons (H+) between reactants. In this context, hydrochloric acid (HCl) acts as a strong acid that can donate protons. Understanding how metals interact with acids is crucial for predicting whether a metal will dissolve in HCl, as some metals can displace hydrogen ions from the acid.

Redox Reactions

Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions involve the transfer of electrons between substances, leading to changes in oxidation states. When a metal dissolves in an acid, it typically undergoes oxidation, losing electrons, while the hydrogen ions in the acid are reduced to hydrogen gas. Balancing these reactions requires understanding the electron transfer process and the oxidation states of the involved species.

Reactivity of Metals

The reactivity of metals determines their ability to dissolve in acids. Metals like iron (Fe) are more reactive and can displace hydrogen from acids, while less reactive metals like copper (Cu) and gold (Au) do not react with HCl. Knowing the reactivity series helps predict which metals will dissolve in HCl and allows for the formulation of balanced chemical equations for the reactions.