Ch.16 - Acids and Bases

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Tro 4th Edition

Ch.16 - Acids and Bases

문제 33a,b,d

Identify each substance as an acid or a base and write a chemical equation showing how it is an acid or a base according to the Arrhenius definition. a. HNO₃(aq) b. NH₄⁺(aq) d. HC₂H₃O₂(aq)

문제 33c

Identify each substance as an acid or a base and write a chemical equation showing how it is an acid or a base according to the Arrhenius definition. c. KOH(aq)

문제 34

Identify each substance as an acid or a base and write a chemical equation showing how it is an acid or a base in aqueous solution according to the Arrhenius definition. a. NaOH(aq) b. H2SO4(aq) c. HBr(aq) d. Sr(OH)2(aq)

문제 35a,c

In each reaction, identify the Brønsted–Lowry acid, the Brønsted–Lowry base, the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base. a. H₂CO₃(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + HCO₃^–(aq) c. HNO₃(aq) + H₂O(l) → H₃O⁺(aq) + NO₃^–(aq)

문제 35b

In each reaction, identify the Brønsted–Lowry acid, the Brønsted–Lowry base, the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base. b. NH₃(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ NH₄⁺(aq) + OH^–(aq)

문제 35d

In each reaction, identify the Brønsted–Lowry acid, the Brønsted–Lowry base, the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base. d. C₅H₅N(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ C₅H₅NH⁺(aq) + OH^–(aq)

문제 36b

In each reaction, identify the Brønsted–Lowry acid, the Brønsted–Lowry base, the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base. b. CH₃NH₂(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ CH₃NH₃⁺(aq) + OH^–(aq)

문제 36c

In each reaction, identify the Brønsted–Lowry acid, the Brønsted–Lowry base, the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base. c. CO₃^2–(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ HCO₃^–(aq) + OH^–(aq)

문제 37a

Write the formula for the conjugate base of each acid. a. HCl

문제 37b

Write the formula for the conjugate base of each acid. b. H₂SO₃

문제 37c

Write the formula for the conjugate base of each acid. c. HCHO₂

문제 37d

Write the formula for the conjugate base of each acid. d. HF

문제 38

Write the formula for the conjugate acid of each base. a. NH₃ b. ClO₄^– c. HSO₄^– d. CO₃^2–

문제 39

Both H₂O and H₂PO₄^– are amphoteric. Write an equation to show how each substance can act as an acid and another equation to show how each can act as a base.

문제 41a

Classify each acid as strong or weak. If the acid is weak, write an expression for the acid ionization constant (K_a). a. HNO₃

문제 41b

Classify each acid as strong or weak. If the acid is weak, write an expression for the acid ionization constant (K_a). b. HCl

문제 41c

Classify each acid as strong or weak. If the acid is weak, write an expression for the acid ionization constant (K_a). c. HBr

문제 41d

Classify each acid as strong or weak. If the acid is weak, write an expression for the acid ionization constant (K_a). d. H₂SO₃

문제 42a

Classify each acid as strong or weak. If the acid is weak, write an expression for the acid ionization constant (K_a). a. HF

문제 42b

Classify each acid as strong or weak. If the acid is weak, write an expression for the acid ionization constant (K_a). b. HCHO₂

문제 42c

Classify each acid as strong or weak. If the acid is weak, write an expression for the acid ionization constant (K_a). c. H₂SO₄

문제 42d

Classify each acid as strong or weak. If the acid is weak, write an expression for the acid ionization constant (K_a). d. H₂CO₃

문제 43

The three diagrams represent three different solutions of the binary acid HA. Water molecules have been omitted for clarity, and hydronium ions (H3O+) are represented by hydrogen ions (H+). Rank the acids in order of decreasing strength.

문제 44

Rank the solutions in order of decreasing [H₃O⁺]: 0.10 M HCl; 0.10 M HF; 0.10 M HClO; 0.10 M HC₆H₅O.

문제 45a,b

Pick the stronger base from each pair. a. F^– or Cl^– b. NO₂^– or NO₃^–

문제 45c

Pick the stronger base from each pair. c. F^– or ClO^–

문제 47

Calculate [OH-] in each aqueous solution at 25 °C, and classify the solution as acidic or basic. a. [H3O+] = 1.2 * 10^-8 M b. [H3O+] = 8.5 * 10^-5 M c. [H3O+] = 3.5 * 10^-2 M

문제 4

문제 7

문제 9