In each reaction, identify the Brønsted–Lowry acid, the Brønsted–Lowry base, the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base. d. C₅H₅N(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ C₅H₅NH⁺(aq) + OH^–(aq)

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the Brønsted–Lowry acid and base in the reactants: The Brønsted–Lowry acid is the species that donates a proton (H+), and the Brønsted–Lowry base is the species that accepts a proton.

In the given reaction, water (H2O) donates a proton to C5H5N, making H2O the Brønsted–Lowry acid.

C5H5N accepts a proton from H2O, making C5H5N the Brønsted–Lowry base.

Identify the conjugate acid and conjugate base in the products: The conjugate acid is the species formed when the base gains a proton, and the conjugate base is the species formed when the acid loses a proton.

C5H5NH+ is the conjugate acid formed from C5H5N, and OH- is the conjugate base formed from H2O.

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Brønsted–Lowry Acid-Base Theory

The Brønsted–Lowry theory defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. In this framework, an acid-base reaction involves the transfer of protons (H+) from the acid to the base. This theory expands the understanding of acid-base reactions beyond just the presence of hydroxide ions, allowing for a broader range of reactions to be classified.

Conjugate Acid and Base

In the context of Brønsted–Lowry theory, a conjugate acid is formed when a base accepts a proton, while a conjugate base is what remains after an acid donates a proton. This relationship is crucial for understanding the equilibrium of acid-base reactions, as it illustrates how substances can act as both acids and bases depending on the reaction context.

Identifying Species in Reactions

To analyze acid-base reactions, it is essential to identify the reactants and products correctly. In the given reaction, C5H5N acts as a base by accepting a proton from water (acting as an acid), resulting in the formation of C5H5NH+ (the conjugate acid) and OH- (the conjugate base). This identification is key to understanding the roles of each species in the reaction.

In each reaction, identify the Brønsted–Lowry acid, the Brønsted–Lowry base, the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base. d. C5H5N(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ C5H5NH+(aq) + OH–(aq)