Ch.18 - Free Energy and Thermodynamics

Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition

Tro4th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134112831당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경

Tro 4th Edition

Ch.18 - Free Energy and Thermodynamics

문제 90a

18장, 문제 90a

Consider this reaction occurring at 298 K: BaCO₃(s) ⇌ BaO(s) + CO₂(g) a. Show that the reaction is not spontaneous under standard conditions by calculating ΔG°_rxn.

검증된 단계별 안내

insert step 1> Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy of formation (\( \Delta G_f^\circ \)) for each substance involved in the reaction: BaCO3(s), BaO(s), and CO2(g). These values can be found in a standard thermodynamic table.

insert step 2> Use the formula for the standard Gibbs free energy change of the reaction: \( \Delta G_{rxn}^\circ = \sum \Delta G_f^\circ (\text{products}) - \sum \Delta G_f^\circ (\text{reactants}) \).

insert step 3> Substitute the \( \Delta G_f^\circ \) values for BaO(s) and CO2(g) as products and BaCO3(s) as the reactant into the equation from Step 2.

insert step 4> Perform the arithmetic to find \( \Delta G_{rxn}^\circ \).

insert step 5> Interpret the result: If \( \Delta G_{rxn}^\circ > 0 \), the reaction is non-spontaneous under standard conditions.

비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:

이 영상 해법은 위 문제에 도움이 된다고 튜터들이 추천한 것입니다.

영상 길이:

주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG)

Gibbs Free Energy is a thermodynamic potential that helps predict the spontaneity of a reaction. A negative ΔG indicates that a reaction can occur spontaneously, while a positive ΔG suggests non-spontaneity. The standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔGrxn °) is calculated under standard conditions (1 atm, 298 K) and is essential for determining the favorability of the reaction.

Standard State Conditions

Standard state conditions refer to a set of specific conditions used to measure the properties of substances, typically at 1 bar (or 1 atm) pressure and a specified temperature, usually 298 K. These conditions provide a consistent basis for comparing thermodynamic data, such as enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, which are crucial for calculating ΔGrxn °.

Equilibrium Constant (K)

The equilibrium constant (K) is a dimensionless value that expresses the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium for a given reaction. It is related to the standard Gibbs free energy change by the equation ΔGrxn ° = -RT ln(K). Understanding K helps in assessing the position of equilibrium and the spontaneity of the reaction under standard conditions.

관련 실천

교과서 질문

Consider this reaction occurring at 298 K: N₂O(g) + NO₂(g) ⇌ 3 NO(g) a. Show that the reaction is not spontaneous under standard conditions by calculating ΔG°_rxn.

1400

views

교과서 질문

Living organisms use energy from the metabolism of food to create an energy-rich molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The ATP acts as an energy source for a variety of reactions that the living organism must carry out to survive. ATP provides energy through its hydrolysis, which can be symbolized as follows: ATP(aq) + H₂O(l) → ADP(aq) + P_i(aq) ΔGrxn ° = -30.5 kJ where ADP represents adenosine diphosphate and Pi represents an inorganic phosphate group (such as HPO₄^2-). a. Calculate the equilibrium constant, K, for the given reaction at 298 K.

1492

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교과서 질문

Consider this reaction occurring at 298 K: N₂O(g) + NO₂(g) ⇌ 3 NO(g) c. Can the reaction be made more spontaneous by an increase or decrease in temperature? If so, what temperature is required to make the reaction spontaneous under standard conditions?

499

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교과서 질문

Consider this reaction occurring at 298 K: N₂O(g) + NO₂(g) ⇌ 3 NO(g) b. If a reaction mixture contains only N₂O and NO₂ at partial pressures of 1.0 atm each, the reaction will be spontaneous until some NO forms in the mixture. What maximum partial pressure of NO builds up before the reaction ceases to be spontaneous?

1806

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교과서 질문

Consider this reaction occurring at 298 K: BaCO₃(s) ⇌ BaO(s) + CO₂( g) b. If BaCO₃ is placed in an evacuated flask, what is the partial pressure of CO₂ when the reaction reaches equilibrium?

1693

views

교과서 질문

Consider this reaction occurring at 298 K: BaCO₃(s) ⇌ BaO(s) + CO₂(g) c. Can the reaction be made more spontaneous by an increase or decrease in temperature? If so, at what temperature is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide 1.0 atm?

1004

views

Consider this reaction occurring at 298 K: BaCO3(s) ⇌ BaO(s) + CO2(g) a. Show that the reaction is not spontaneous under standard conditions by calculating ΔG°rxn.

비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:

주요 개념

Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG)

Standard State Conditions

Equilibrium Constant (K)

Consider this reaction occurring at 298 K: BaCO₃(s) ⇌ BaO(s) + CO₂(g) a. Show that the reaction is not spontaneous under standard conditions by calculating ΔG°_rxn.