Consider the reaction:
2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 SO₃(g)
a. If 285.5 mL of SO₂ reacts with 158.9 mL of O₂ (both measured at 315 K and 50.0 mmHg), what is the limiting reactant and the theoretical yield of SO₃?

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Convert the volumes of SO2 and O2 to moles using the ideal gas law: PV = nRT. Use the given conditions (P = 50.0 mmHg, V = 285.5 mL for SO2 and 158.9 mL for O2, T = 315 K) and R = 62.36 L mmHg/mol K.

Calculate the moles of SO2 using the ideal gas law: n(SO2) = (P * V) / (R * T).

Calculate the moles of O2 using the ideal gas law: n(O2) = (P * V) / (R * T).

Determine the limiting reactant by comparing the mole ratio from the balanced equation (2 SO2 : 1 O2) with the calculated moles of SO2 and O2.

Calculate the theoretical yield of SO3 using the stoichiometry of the balanced equation and the moles of the limiting reactant.

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주요 개념

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Limiting Reactant

The limiting reactant is the substance that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction, thus determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed. To identify the limiting reactant, one must compare the mole ratios of the reactants based on the balanced chemical equation. In this case, the reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and oxygen (O2) to form sulfur trioxide (SO3) requires a specific stoichiometric ratio.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced equation. It involves using mole ratios derived from the coefficients in the balanced equation to determine how much of each reactant is needed or how much product can be formed. In this scenario, stoichiometry will help in calculating the theoretical yield of SO3 from the given volumes of SO2 and O2.

Gas Laws

Gas laws describe the behavior of gases in relation to pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles. The ideal gas law (PV=nRT) is particularly useful for converting the given volumes of gases at specific conditions into moles, which are necessary for stoichiometric calculations. Understanding how to apply gas laws is essential for determining the amounts of reactants and products in reactions involving gases.

Consider the reaction: 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 SO3(g) a. If 285.5 mL of SO2 reacts with 158.9 mL of O2 (both measured at 315 K and 50.0 mmHg), what is the limiting reactant and the theoretical yield of SO3?