If core electrons completely shielded valence electrons from nuclear charge (i.e., if each core electron reduced nuclear charge by 1 unit) and if valence electrons did not shield one another from nuclear charge at all, what would be the effective nuclear charge experienced by the valence electrons of each atom? a. K

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Identify the atomic number of potassium (K), which is 19.

Determine the number of core electrons in potassium. Potassium has an electron configuration of [Ar] 4s^1, meaning it has 18 core electrons (those in the [Ar] configuration).

Assume each core electron reduces the nuclear charge by 1 unit. Therefore, the shielding effect of the core electrons is 18 units.

Calculate the effective nuclear charge (Z_eff) experienced by the valence electron using the formula: Z_eff = Z - S, where Z is the atomic number and S is the shielding constant (number of core electrons).

Substitute the values into the formula: Z_eff = 19 - 18.

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주요 개념

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Effective Nuclear Charge (Z_eff)

Effective nuclear charge (Z_eff) is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom. It accounts for the actual nuclear charge (Z) minus the shielding effect of inner (core) electrons. In this scenario, if core electrons shield the valence electrons completely, Z_eff would equal the number of protons minus the number of core electrons.

Shielding Effect

The shielding effect refers to the phenomenon where inner shell electrons reduce the full nuclear charge felt by outer shell (valence) electrons. This occurs because the inner electrons repel the valence electrons, effectively 'shielding' them from the nucleus. In the given question, it is assumed that core electrons shield valence electrons completely, simplifying the calculation of Z_eff.

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom and are primarily responsible for chemical bonding and reactivity. In the context of the question, understanding how valence electrons interact with the nucleus and are influenced by core electrons is crucial for determining the effective nuclear charge they experience. For potassium (K), which has 19 protons and 18 core electrons, the valence electron's experience of nuclear charge can be calculated directly.