Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of shugoshin during cell division?

Accepted Answer

It protects cohesin at the centromere from being degraded by separase.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur, and what is the result?

Accepted Answer

During S phase, resulting in the doubling of DNA volume.

Question 3

A house fly (Musca domestica) has a haploid chromosome number of 6. How many chromatids are present in a diploid, somatic, metaphase cell?

Accepted Answer

$$24$$

Question 4

What would be the result if a chromosome did not have a kinetochore during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

The chromosome would fail to attach to spindle fibers and not segregate properly.

Question 5

If both centrosomes are located on one side of the cell during mitosis, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes will not segregate properly, leading to aneuploidy.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct order of stages in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1, S, G2, prophase, metaphase, anaphase

Question 7

Given a cat (Felis domesticus) with a diploid chromosome number of 38 and a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with a diploid chromosome number of 44, what would be the expected chromosome number in the somatic tissues of their alleged hybrid?

Accepted Answer

$$82$$

Question 8

If an organism has a diploid number of 16, how many chromatids are visible at the end of mitotic prophase?

Accepted Answer

$$32$$

Question 9

How many chromosomes are moving to each pole during anaphase of mitosis in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 10

Which event occurs during metaphase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the equatorial plate.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the second meiotic division?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are pulling apart.

Question 12

A secondary spermatocyte has 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will be found in the primary spermatocyte that gave rise to it?

Accepted Answer

$$24$$

Question 13

An organism has $$2n = 16 in a $$primary oocyte. How many tetrads are present in the first meiotic prophase?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 14

In an organism with $$2n = 6$$, how many individual chromosomal structures will align on the metaphase plate during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the formation of mosaic chromosomes during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between non-sister chromatids.

Question 16

What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces diploid cells, meiosis produces haploid cells.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the chromosome number by half, preventing doubling in each generation.

Question 18

During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids disjoin and migrate to opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Some daughter cells have extra or missing chromosomes.

Question 20

In a healthy male, how many sperm cells would be expected to be formed from 400 primary spermatocytes?

Accepted Answer

$$1600$$

Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis – Genetics Study Notes

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