Question 1

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic chromosomes are typically single, circular DNA molecules and lack histone proteins.

Question 2

A human muscle cell contains 46 chromosomes. What is its ploidy level and how is it represented?

Accepted Answer

$$2N=46$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of histone proteins in eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They help condense and organize DNA into chromatin.

Question 4

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 5

If a cell has a genetic content described as $$4N=16$$, how many sets and total chromosomes does it have?

Accepted Answer

4 sets of 4 chromosomes, total 16 chromosomes

Question 6

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 7

What is the role of the centromere during cell division?

Accepted Answer

It serves as the attachment point for spindle microtubules.

Question 8

Which process is responsible for the exponential growth of bacterial populations?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 9

A cell with genotype $$Bb at a $$gene locus is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 10

Which of the following is true about the cell cycle in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It is a repeating series of growth, DNA replication, and division.

Question 11

What is the function of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They activate other proteins through phosphorylation to regulate cell cycle progression.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the genetic content of a human egg cell?

Accepted Answer

$$1N=23$$

Question 13

Which structure protects the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Telomere

Question 14

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes aligning at the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 15

In animal cells, what structure is responsible for physically dividing the cell during cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Contractile ring of actin

Question 16

Which protein is responsible for hydrolyzing cohesin and allowing sister chromatids to separate during anaphase?

Accepted Answer

Separase

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of loss of cell cycle control due to mutated proto-oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

Development of cancer

Question 18

Which of the following statements about diploid cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have two homologous copies of each chromosome.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a feature of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Simple cytoskeleton

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

They are identical copies of a chromosome held together at the centromere.

Chromosomal Basis of Heredity: Cell Division, Mitosis & Meiosis

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