Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Metacentric chromosomes have the centromere in the middle, resulting in arms of equal length, while acrocentric chromosomes have the centromere close to one end, resulting in one very short and one very long arm.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, as depicted in the second image?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A human cell in G0 phase, as shown in the cell cycle diagram, is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A non-dividing, quiescent cell

Question 4

Which genotype(s) would result in blood type AB in the ABO blood group system, as shown in the fifth image?

Accepted Answer

$$I^A I^B$$

Question 5

According to the information on dominant lethals, why does Huntington Disease persist in human populations despite being caused by a dominant lethal allele?

Accepted Answer

The onset of symptoms occurs after reproductive age, allowing affected individuals to pass on the allele before dying.

Question 6

In the context of lethal alleles in mice, what is the expected phenotypic ratio when two heterozygous yellow mice are crossed, given that the yellow allele is recessive lethal?

Accepted Answer

2 yellow : 1 agouti

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the dihybrid ratio in a cross involving albinism and blood type AB is not the classic 9:3:3:1, as described in the sixth image?

Accepted Answer

Different modes of inheritance (autosomal recessive for albinism, codominant for blood type) alter the expected ratio.

Question 8

If a person with genotype $$I^A I^O$$ and another with $$I^B I^O$$ have children, which blood types are possible among their offspring?

Accepted Answer

A, B, AB, and O

Question 9

Which statement about the white locus in Drosophila, as shown in the fourth image, is correct?

Accepted Answer

The white locus has over 100 known alleles, leading to a range of eye colors.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes codominance as seen in the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype.

Question 11

A chromosome with the centromere located at the very end is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Telocentric

Question 12

If a mutation in mice causes a yellow coat color and is lethal when homozygous, what is the expected outcome when two yellow mice are crossed?

Accepted Answer

Some offspring will die before birth due to the lethal allele.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the inheritance of the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

The $$I^A$$ and $$I^B$$ alleles are codominant, and both are dominant to $$I^O.$$

Question 14

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, as shown in the cell cycle diagram?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 15

A person with genotype $$I^A I^B$$ for the ABO blood group will produce which antigens on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Both A and B

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why some alleles are considered lethal?

Accepted Answer

They result in death when present in a specific genotype, such as homozygous recessive or dominant.

Comprehensive Study Notes: Foundations of Genetics, Mitosis & Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics, and Modification of Mendelian Ratios

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