Question 1

Which of the following best describes a totipotent cell?

Accepted Answer

A cell that has the potential to develop into any cell type.

Question 2

In the successful cloning of Dolly the sheep, what was the source of the nucleus used to create the cloned embryo?

Accepted Answer

A mammary cell from the donor sheep.

Question 3

Which gene is responsible for establishing the anterior structures in Drosophila embryos by forming a concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

bicoid

Question 4

A mutation in which class of segmentation genes would most likely result in the loss of several adjacent segments in a Drosophila embryo?

Accepted Answer

Gap genes

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cloned animals, such as Carbon Copy the cat, may not look exactly like the donor animal?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasmic factors and epigenetic differences can affect gene expression.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of homeotic genes in Drosophila?

Accepted Answer

Determining the identity of individual segments

Question 7

In Arabidopsis thaliana, which combination of gene classes is required for the development of petals?

Accepted Answer

Class A and Class B genes

Question 8

Which process is characterized by controlled, programmed cell death and is essential for normal development?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Question 9

A fruit fly embryo with a mutation in the Antennapedia gene develops legs where antennae should be. This is an example of a mutation in which type of gene?

Accepted Answer

Homeotic gene

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of morphogens in development?

Accepted Answer

They are proteins whose concentration gradients affect the developmental fate of surrounding cells.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the immune response is correct?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells.

Question 12

How is antibody diversity generated in B cells?

Accepted Answer

By somatic recombination of gene segments during B cell development.

Question 13

A patient receives a kidney transplant but experiences immune rejection. Which genetic factor is most likely responsible for this rejection?

Accepted Answer

Mismatch in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why Mexican tetras living in caves have lost their eyes?

Accepted Answer

A developmental change in gene expression led to eye loss.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of possible antibodies ($$N$$), the number of gene segments ($$G$$), and the number of recombination events ($$R) in $$somatic recombination?

Accepted Answer

$$N = G 	imes R$$

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding Hox genes in mammals and Drosophila?

Accepted Answer

Hox genes in mammals are similar in sequence and order to those in Drosophila.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A single B cell divides and differentiates after binding a specific antigen, producing memory and plasma cells.

Question 18

Which gene product is responsible for trapping Dorsal protein in the cytoplasm during Drosophila development?

Accepted Answer

cactus

Question 19

A mutation in which gene would most likely result in the failure to develop mesodermal tissues in Drosophila embryos?

Accepted Answer

twist

Question 20

Which of the following statements about apoptosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis involves the activation of caspases and is essential for normal development.

Developmental Genetics and Immunogenetics: Key Concepts and Mechanisms

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