Q: Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in the central dogma?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why gene expression in eukaryotes is more tightly regulated than in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation are compartmentalized in eukaryotes, allowing for multiple regulatory steps.

Question 2

A mutation destroys the TATA box in a eukaryotic gene. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors will fail to assemble properly, greatly reducing or abolishing transcription.

Question 3

Which sequence is recognized by the TATA-binding protein (TBP) during transcription initiation in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{TATAAAA}$$

Question 4

What is the function of the 5′ cap added to eukaryotic pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It protects mRNA from degradation and is required for ribosome binding.

Question 5

A researcher finds a mature mRNA with a 5′ cap, a poly-A tail, and exons joined together. Where did the splicing of this mRNA most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

In the nucleus

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct order of events in eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → RNA processing → translation

Question 7

A eukaryotic gene contains the following sequence: 5′–GGGCGG–CAAT–TATAAAA–3′. Which sequence is most likely to be found at position –25 relative to the transcription start site?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{TATAAAA}$$

Question 8

Which of the following occurs after transcription but before translation in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5′ cap

Question 9

What is the role of the Kozak sequence in eukaryotic translation?

Accepted Answer

It helps position the ribosome at the correct start codon.

Question 10

A mutation in the polyadenylation signal (AAUAAA) of a gene would most likely result in which outcome?

Accepted Answer

Improper cleavage and polyadenylation of the pre-mRNA

Question 11

Which of the following best describes alternative splicing?

Accepted Answer

The removal of introns and joining of exons in different patterns to produce multiple proteins from one gene

Question 12

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the poly-A tail on eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Poly(A) polymerase

Question 13

A scientist isolates a eukaryotic mRNA and finds that it is rapidly degraded in the cytoplasm. Which modification is most likely missing?

Accepted Answer

Poly-A tail

Question 14

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic transcription is correct?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors are required to assemble the pre-initiation complex and recruit RNA polymerase II.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the spliceosome?

Accepted Answer

Removing introns from pre-mRNA

Question 16

A gene has the following structure: 5′–exon 1–intron–exon 2–3′. After splicing, what will the mature mRNA contain?

Accepted Answer

Exon 1 and exon 2 only

Question 17

Which of the following sequences signals the end of the coding region and the site for polyadenylation in eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{AAUAAA}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 19

A mutation prevents the addition of the 5′ cap to a eukaryotic mRNA. Which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of translation

Question 20

Which of the following is true about enhancers in eukaryotic gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

They can be located thousands of base pairs away from the promoter and still regulate transcription.

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes: Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

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