Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between 'requirement' and 'sufficiency' when studying gene function in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Requirement tests if a gene is necessary for a process by removing it, while sufficiency tests if a gene alone can drive a process by ectopic expression.

Question 2

You are designing a screen to identify genes involved in blood vessel formation. Which genetic approach would allow you to target a specific gene for analysis?

Accepted Answer

Reverse genetics

Question 3

Which of the following is a key feature of plasmids that makes them useful for recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They replicate independently of chromosomal DNA.

Question 4

A researcher wants to clone a gene using molecular cloning. What is the correct sequence of steps?

Accepted Answer

Isolate DNA, combine with plasmid, ligate, grow bacteria, extract plasmid, integrate into host genome

Question 5

Which of the following restriction enzymes would cleave the DNA sequence $$5'\ G\ A\ A\ T\ T\ C\ 3' at $$the site indicated below?

$$5'\ G\ A\ A\ T\ T\ C\ 3'$$
$$3'\ C\ T\ T\ A\ A\ G\ 5'$$

Accepted Answer

EcoRI

Question 6

In CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, what is the role of the PAM sequence?

Accepted Answer

It is required for Cas9 to recognize and bind the target DNA.

Question 7

A scientist uses a loss-of-function mutation to study a gene in mice. What is the main purpose of this approach?

Accepted Answer

To assess whether the gene is required for a specific biological process.

Question 8

Which of the following is a limitation of using transgenic organisms for gene function studies?

Accepted Answer

Random insertion of the transgene into the genome can make spatial and temporal control difficult.

Question 9

What is the main advantage of using forward genetics in a screen for mutant alleles?

Accepted Answer

It allows unbiased analysis of mutations/genes important for a specific process.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of creating a recombinant plasmid for gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

Transcribing the gene into mRNA before ligation

Question 11

A researcher wants to express a human protein in bacteria for medical production. Which genetic tool would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A plasmid vector containing the human gene and an antibiotic resistance marker

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world application of transgenic organisms mentioned in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

A transgenic pig with Alzheimer's Disease for medical research

Question 13

What is the function of polylinkers in plasmid vectors?

Accepted Answer

They allow insertion of DNA fragments at multiple restriction sites.

Question 14

Which of the following components is essential for the CRISPR/Cas9 system to target a specific DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Guide RNA (gRNA)

Question 15

A scientist wants to determine if PCR introduced mutations during gene cloning. Which method should they use?

Accepted Answer

Sequence the cloned gene to check for errors.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of molecular cloning?

Accepted Answer

Introducing a piece of DNA into a bacterial plasmid for propagation and study.

Question 17

In the context of gene cloning, what is the purpose of using restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

To cleave DNA at specific sequences, allowing insertion into vectors.

Question 18

A researcher is using CRISPR/Cas9 to edit a gene. Which sequence must be present adjacent to the target site for Cas9 to function?

Accepted Answer

PAM sequence (NGG)

Question 19

Which of the following is a multi-step problem: You want to create a transgenic mouse expressing a human gene. Which steps must you complete in order?

Accepted Answer

Isolate human gene, ligate into plasmid, transform bacteria, verify plasmid, linearize DNA, integrate into mouse genome

Question 20

Which of the following is a reason why spatial and temporal control of transgene expression can be difficult?

Accepted Answer

Random insertion of the transgene can disrupt regulatory elements.

Genetic Screens, Gene Cloning, Transgenics, and Genome Editing: Study Notes

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