Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the degeneracy of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Some amino acids are specified by more than one codon.

Question 2

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from 5'-ATG-3' to 5'-ATA-3'. If the original codon codes for methionine, and the mutated codon codes for isoleucine, what type of mutation has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Question 3

Which of the following best explains the Wobble Hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The third base of the codon can form non-standard base pairs with the first base of the anticodon.

Question 4

During the Triplet Binding Assay, what does it indicate if the filter paper is radioactive after the experiment?

Accepted Answer

A ribosome-tRNA-mRNA complex has formed, indicating the codon specifies an amino acid.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the 5’ cap added during eukaryotic mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates ribosome binding during translation initiation

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. Which molecular change is responsible for this disease?

Accepted Answer

A single nucleotide substitution resulting in a glutamic acid to valine change in the beta-globin chain

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial translation?

Accepted Answer

It aligns the ribosome with the start codon on the mRNA.

Question 8

A DNA sequence is mutated such that a single base is inserted. What is the most likely consequence of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

A frameshift mutation

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic transcription requires multiple RNA polymerases and extensive mRNA processing.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a missense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that changes one amino acid to another

Question 11

In the context of the Ames test, what does a high number of His+ revertants indicate?

Accepted Answer

The tested compound is likely mutagenic.

Question 12

Which enzyme is responsible for adding amino acids to tRNAs during tRNA charging?

Accepted Answer

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 13

A mutation changes a codon from UAU to UAA. What is the result of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the spliceosome?

Accepted Answer

Removal of introns from pre-mRNA

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a transition mutation?

Accepted Answer

A purine is replaced by another purine

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of a trinucleotide repeat disorder?

Accepted Answer

Huntington’s disease

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of transposase?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the movement of DNA transposons within the genome.

Question 18

A patient with alkaptonuria is unable to metabolize homogentisic acid due to a mutation in which type of gene, according to the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A gene encoding an enzyme in the tyrosine degradation pathway

Question 19

Which of the following is a key feature of an open reading frame (ORF)?

Accepted Answer

It is a continuous stretch of codons that begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon.

Question 20

Which DNA repair mechanism is most likely to correct a thymine dimer caused by UV light?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide excision repair

Genetics Exam Study Guide: Key Concepts and Step-by-Step Guidance

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