Q: Which rule of probability is used to calculate the probability of two independent events both occurring?

Product rule: $$P(A \text{ and } B) = P(A) \times P(B)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 2

A scientist wants to measure the size of a DNA sample. Which technique would be most appropriate for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Virus

Question 4

During transcription, which enzyme synthesizes RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 5

Which of the following best describes an allele?

Accepted Answer

A variant form of a gene at a specific locus

Question 6

If the probability of inheriting allele A from one parent is $$0.5$$ and from the other parent is $$0.5$$, what is the probability of inheriting allele A from both parents?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 7

Which evolutionary process is responsible for the random change in allele frequencies in a population?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 8

Which statement about mitosis and meiosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis produces four genetically unique cells, while mitosis produces two identical cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

Replication $$\rightarrow$$ Transcription $$\rightarrow$$ Translation

Question 10

Mendel tested his hypothesis of transmission using which experimental organism?

Accepted Answer

Pea plants (Pisum sativum)

Question 11

Which rule of probability is used to calculate the probability of two independent events both occurring?

Accepted Answer

Product rule: $$P(A 	ext{ and } B) = P(A) 	imes P(B)$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A double helix composed of two antiparallel strands

Question 13

Which process converts mRNA into a protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 14

A cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle has just completed which process?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct application of the sum rule in probability?

Accepted Answer

Calculating the probability of either event A or event B occurring: $$P(A 	ext{ or } B) = P(A) + P(B)$$

Question 16

Which molecule acts as the messenger carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 17

A population of beetles has two alleles for a gene: A and a. If the frequency of A is $$0.7$$ and a is $$0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes (Aa) under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$0.42$$

Question 18

Which phase of meiosis is responsible for the independent assortment of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase I

Question 19

Which evolutionary process introduces new genetic variation into a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 20

If the probability of event A is $$0.4$$ and the probability of event B is $$0.6$$, and the events are mutually exclusive, what is the probability of either event A or event B occurring?

Accepted Answer

$$0.4 + 0.6 = 1.0$$

Genetics Study Guide: Key Concepts and Processes

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