Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Q: If the sequence of one DNA strand is $$5'\text{–}ATG\ CAT\ CTA\ TGA\text{–}3'$$, what is the sequence and polarity of the complementary strand?

$$3'\text{–}TAC\ GTA\ GAT\ ACT\text{–}5'$$

Question 1

Which experiment provided the most direct evidence that DNA, and not protein, is the genetic material in phages?

Accepted Answer

Hershey and Chase's blender experiment using $$^{32}P$$ and $$^{35}S$$

Question 2

A DNA molecule contains 30% adenine. According to Chargaff’s rules, what percentage of guanine would you expect?

Accepted Answer

$$20\%$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 4

Which type of RNA forms the structural and catalytic core of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

rRNA

Question 5

A mutation in the CCR5 gene provides resistance to HIV infection in some humans. Which evolutionary process does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 6

If the sequence of one DNA strand is $$5'	ext{–}ATG\ CAT\ CTA\ TGA	ext{–}3'$$, what is the sequence and polarity of the complementary strand?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{–}TAC\ GTA\ GAT\ ACT	ext{–}5'$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains phosphodiester bonds, RNA does not

Question 8

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes for the same traits at the same loci

Question 9

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, why was $$^{32}P$$ used to label DNA and $$^{35}S$$ used to label protein?

Accepted Answer

$$^{32}P is $$incorporated into DNA but not protein; $$^{35}S is $$incorporated into protein but not DNA

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a gene?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of DNA that encodes a functional product

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world example of evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

The increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in gene expression according to the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

Transcription $$\rightarrow$$ Translation

Question 13

Which of the following is a purine base found in both DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 14

A scientist is comparing the DNA sequences of two species. According to phylogenetic principles, what would indicate that the species are closely related?

Accepted Answer

They have a small number of differences in shared genes

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

Carrying amino acids to the ribosome

Question 16

Which of the following statements about mutations is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mutations can increase, decrease, or have no effect on genetic information

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the structure of a typical eukaryotic chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A linear DNA molecule complexed with proteins

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the flow of genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

Information flows from DNA to RNA to protein

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life application of genetic mapping?

Accepted Answer

Identifying the chromosomal location of a gene responsible for cystic fibrosis

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nitrogenous base in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine with thymine

Introduction to Genetics: Molecular Basis, Heredity, and Evolution

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