Question 1

Which statement best describes the central dogma of genetics?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 2

A mutation in the DNA sequence of the β-globin gene changes the codon from CTC to CAC. What is the consequence of this mutation at the protein level?

Accepted Answer

Glutamic acid is replaced by valine in the β-globin protein.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a valid reason for missing an exam according to the course policy?

Accepted Answer

You overslept and couldn’t start the exam on time.

Question 4

In humans, how many chromosomes are present in a diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 5

Which model organism is commonly used to study disorders of the nervous system and cancer?

Accepted Answer

Drosophila melanogaster

Question 6

What is the chemical nature of the genetic material as discovered by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty in 1944?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 7

Which of the following best describes homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes that exist in pairs and carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 8

Which process results in gametes receiving only half the number of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 9

A student is analyzing a pedigree for a late-onset inherited disease. If the disease is autosomal dominant, what is the probability that a child of an affected heterozygous parent and an unaffected parent will inherit the disease?

Accepted Answer

$$0.50$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct result of a mutation in a gene?

Accepted Answer

A change in the DNA sequence that may produce a new allele.

Question 11

Which of the following base pairs are found in DNA due to complementary base pairing?

Accepted Answer

A–T and G–C

Question 12

Which scientist(s) proposed the chromosome theory of inheritance, stating that genes are carried on chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Sutton and Boveri

Question 13

A patient with sickle cell anemia has a mutation in the β-globin gene. Which amino acid substitution is responsible for the disease?

Accepted Answer

Glutamic acid to valine

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing DNA replication

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of a genetic disease caused by a single-nucleotide mutation?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Question 16

Which of the following statements about alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alleles are alternative forms of a gene.

Question 17

Which of the following organisms is used as a model to study cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Danio rerio (zebrafish)

Question 18

Which process describes the faithful transmission of chromosomes through gametes, maintaining genetic continuity from generation to generation?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome theory of inheritance

Question 19

A student is asked to explain the difference between genotype and phenotype. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the set of alleles for a given trait, while phenotype is the expression of those alleles.

Question 20

Which of the following is a sensitive genetics-related issue currently faced by society?

Accepted Answer

Genetic privacy

Introductory Genetics: Foundations, Key Concepts, and Human Disease Applications

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