Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Question 2

What is the main function of the plasma membrane in cells?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of materials in and out of the cell

Question 3

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 4

Which of the following best describes homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes that carry genes for the same inherited characteristics but may have different alleles

Question 5

What is the diploid number of chromosomes in human somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

$$2n=46$$

Question 6

Which process results in the formation of haploid gametes?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 7

What is the primary difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis produces one functional ovum and three polar bodies, while spermatogenesis produces four functional sperm

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 9

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 10

What is the role of the enzyme separase during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Degrading cohesin to allow sister chromatids to separate

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why older women are at higher risk for chromosomal abnormalities in offspring?

Accepted Answer

Ova are exposed to environmental factors for longer periods before completing meiosis

Question 12

Which chromosomal abnormality is most commonly associated with Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy of chromosome 21

Question 13

What is the function of the centromere during cell division?

Accepted Answer

It maintains sister chromatid cohesion and serves as the binding site for kinetochore proteins

Question 14

Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division and results in four haploid cells

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 16

A cell with a mutation in the gene encoding tubulin would most likely have defects in which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes have an abnormal number of chromosomes, leading to conditions such as trisomy or monosomy

Question 18

Which process allows water molecules to move from a dilute to a concentrated solution across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 19

If a cell is in G0 phase, what is its status?

Accepted Answer

Nondividing but metabolically active

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not

Lecture 2: Mitosis and Meiosis – Cell Structure, Chromosomes, and the Cell Cycle

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