Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the M phase in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

To divide the cell’s duplicated genetic material into two identical daughter cells

Question 2

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell’s equator, and what is the significance of this alignment?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase; ensures that each daughter cell receives one copy of each chromosome

Question 3

A researcher observes a cell with chromosomes at opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reforming, and a cleavage furrow forming. Which stage of the cell cycle is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Telophase and Cytokinesis

Question 4

What would most likely happen if the kinetochore microtubules failed to shorten during anaphase?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes would remain near the metaphase plate

Question 5

Which of the following structures is responsible for attaching spindle fibers to chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore

Question 6

How many chromosomes are present in a human somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 7

Which checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before the cell proceeds to anaphase?

Accepted Answer

Spindle checkpoint

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of polar microtubules during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They overlap at the equator and push the poles apart

Question 9

What is the function of the centrosome during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It organizes the spindle fibers that separate chromosomes

Question 10

Which of the following events occurs during prometaphase?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope completely breaks down

Question 11

A mutation prevents the formation of kinetochores in a dividing cell. Which process would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of spindle fibers to chromosomes

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of genetically unique gametes

Question 13

If a human cell with 46 chromosomes completes mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the mitotic spindle is essential for cell division?

Accepted Answer

It separates duplicated chromosomes to ensure each daughter cell receives a complete set

Question 15

During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct result of cytokinesis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Formation of two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 17

A scientist treats cells with a drug that prevents the breakdown of the nuclear envelope. Which stage of mitosis would be directly inhibited?

Accepted Answer

Prometaphase

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the centromere?

Accepted Answer

A region of the chromosome where spindle fibers attach

Question 19

If a cell fails the spindle checkpoint during metaphase, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will not proceed to anaphase until all chromosomes are properly attached

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the number of chromosomes in human cells after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Each daughter cell has $$2n = 46$$ chromosomes

Chapter 2 - Lecture 2: Mitosis and Cytokinesis: The M Phase of the Cell Cycle

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