Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the inheritance pattern of X-linked recessive diseases such as color blindness?

Accepted Answer

All sons of an affected female are affected.

Question 2

A woman who is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder (X	extsuperscript{N}X	extsuperscript{n}) and a man who is unaffected (X	extsuperscript{N}Y) have a child. What is the probability that their son will be affected?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

Snapdragon flower color where R'R' is red, R'R'' is pink, and R''R'' is white

Question 4

In codominance, how are the alleles expressed in the phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are distinctly and simultaneously expressed.

Question 5

A couple with genotypes $$I^O I^O$$ and $$I^A I^B$$ have four children. What is the probability that all four children will have blood type A?

Accepted Answer

$$0.0625 or$$ $$6.25\%$$

Question 6

Which genotype results in the AB blood type in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$I^A I^B$$

Question 7

What is the consequence of giving a person an incompatible blood transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Hemolysis due to blood clumping (agglutination)

Question 8

Which of the following is true about X-linked dominant diseases such as Rett syndrome?

Accepted Answer

All daughters of an affected male are affected.

Question 9

Which type of mutation results in the reduction or elimination of the functional activity of the protein or RNA encoded by the affected gene?

Accepted Answer

Loss-of-function mutation

Question 10

A man with blood type AB ($$I^A I^B) $$and a woman with blood type O ($$I^O I^O) $$have children. What are the possible blood types of their children?

Accepted Answer

A and B only

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a neutral mutation?

Accepted Answer

It does not detectably change the function of the affected gene.

Question 12

In snapdragons, if a plant with genotype $$R'R'' is $$crossed with another $$R'R''$$ plant, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1$$ red : $$2$$ pink : $$1$$ white

Question 13

Which statement about the inheritance of X-linked traits is correct?

Accepted Answer

A mother can pass an X-linked trait to both her sons and daughters.

Question 14

Which blood type is considered the universal donor and why?

Accepted Answer

Type O, because it lacks A and B antigens

Question 15

A gain-of-function mutation in a gene would most likely result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

An increase in expression or activity of the gene product

Question 16

If a person with blood type B ($$I^B I^O) $$receives blood from a type A donor, what is the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination due to anti-A antibodies in the recipient's plasma

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a feature of codominance?

Accepted Answer

The phenotype is a blend of both alleles

Question 18

Which of the following diseases is an example of an X-linked recessive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 19

A couple, both carriers for an X-linked recessive disease, have a daughter. What is the probability that she will be affected?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25 (if $$both X chromosomes carry the recessive allele)

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the Bombay phenotype in the context of the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

A phenotype where individuals lack the H antigen required for A or B antigen expression, resulting in type O blood regardless of genotype

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