Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of water as a solvent in biological transport systems?

Accepted Answer

Water's ability to form hydrogen bonds makes it an excellent solvent for ionic and polar substances, aiding in their transport.

Question 2

A student is investigating the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Which variable should be kept constant to ensure a valid experiment?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of the enzyme

Question 3

Which equation is used to calculate the index of diversity ($$D) in a $$habitat?

Accepted Answer

$$D = \frac{N(N-1)}{\sum n(n-1)}$$

Question 4

During aerobic respiration, which process directly produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 5

A population of bacteria doubles every 20 minutes. If you start with 100 bacteria, how many will there be after 2 hours? Use the formula $$N = N_0$ 	imes 2$$^{\frac{t}$${g}}$$, where $$N_0 is $$the initial number, $$t is $$time in minutes, and $$g is $$generation time.

Accepted Answer

6400

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is correct?

Accepted Answer

PCR requires primers, DNA polymerase, and repeated cycles of heating and cooling.

Question 7

Which feature distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Circular DNA not enclosed in a nucleus

Question 8

A student uses Benedict's reagent to test for reducing sugars in a solution. What color change indicates a positive result?

Accepted Answer

Blue to orange/red

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the phospholipid bilayer is suited for rapid diffusion of small nonpolar molecules?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophobic core of the bilayer allows nonpolar molecules to pass through easily.

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the separation of DNA fragments by size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as a universal energy currency, transferring energy for cellular processes.

Question 12

A student calculates the cardiac output using the formula $$CO = SV 	imes HR$$, where $$CO is $$cardiac output, $$SV is $$stroke volume, and $$HR is $$heart rate. If $$SV = 70 mL $$and $$HR = 75$$ bpm, what is the cardiac output in mL/min?

Accepted Answer

5250 mL/min

Question 13

Which of the following is a consequence of negative feedback in homeostatic regulation?

Accepted Answer

Restoration of conditions to a set point

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the observable characteristics.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct application of the Hardy-Weinberg equation $$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$ in population genetics?

Accepted Answer

It predicts the frequency of genotypes in a population under random mating and no evolutionary forces.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key factor affecting the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Thickness of the membrane

Question 17

A scientist is using DNA profiling to identify relationships between organisms. Which technique is most appropriate for separating DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin binds oxygen reversibly, allowing efficient transport and release to tissues.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of negative feedback in the regulation of blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

It maintains blood glucose levels within a narrow range by counteracting deviations from the set point.

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level Biology: Genetics-Related Study Guide

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