Question 1

Which type of glycosidic bond is responsible for the branching in amylopectin and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha:(1\rightarrow6)$$

Question 2

A patient with a deficiency in the debranching enzyme would have difficulty fully degrading which polysaccharide, and what would accumulate as a result?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; limit dextrins

Question 3

Which structural feature gives cellulose its strength and rigidity in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Intra- and inter-chain hydrogen bonds between $$\beta:(1\rightarrow4)$$ linked glucose residues

Question 4

Which of the following is a homoglycan composed entirely of $$\alpha-D-$$glucopyranose and is unbranched?

Accepted Answer

Amylose

Question 5

What is the primary function of hyaluronic acid in the synovial fluid of joints?

Accepted Answer

Lubrication due to electrostatic repulsion among carboxylate groups

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing $$\alpha:(1\rightarrow4)$$ glucosidic bonds in the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha-$$amylase

Question 7

Which polysaccharide is found in the exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans and is composed of N-acetyl-$$\beta-D-$$glucosamine?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 8

In Gram-positive bacteria, what is the main structural difference compared to Gram-negative bacteria regarding their cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a cross-linked, multilayered peptidoglycan complex on the surface of the lipid cell membrane

Question 9

Which glycosaminoglycan acts as a natural anticoagulant by binding to antiprothrombin III and inhibiting blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Heparin

Question 10

Which linkage is characteristic of N-linked glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

Amide bond between N-acetylglucosamine and asparagine

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the repeating unit of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

GlcNAc-MurNAc

Question 12

A mutation in a plant prevents the synthesis of $$\beta:(1\rightarrow4)$$ glucosidic bonds. Which structural polysaccharide would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 13

Which of the following is a heteroglycan found in cartilage and consists of repeating units of GlcNAc and GlcUA?

Accepted Answer

Hyaluronic acid

Question 14

Which of the following statements about amylopectin is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is a branched polymer with $$\alpha:(1\rightarrow4)$$ and $$\alpha:(1\rightarrow6)$$ linkages

Question 15

Which polysaccharide is hydrated both on the inside and outside due to its helical conformation?

Accepted Answer

Amylose

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Question 17

Which enzyme acts only on the non-reducing ends of starch and is found in seeds and tubers of plants?

Accepted Answer

$$\beta-$$amylase

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why plants rely entirely on polysaccharides for structural integrity?

Accepted Answer

Plants lack structural proteins and use polysaccharides like cellulose for rigidity

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of O-linked glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

Linked through N-acetylgalactosamine to threonine or serine via O-glycosidic bond

Question 20

Which of the following polysaccharides is most likely to be found in the cell wall of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Polysaccharides: Structure, Function, and Biological Roles

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