Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, producing fragments with sticky or blunt ends.

Question 2

A researcher wants to clone a gene into a plasmid vector and identify recombinant colonies using blue-white screening. Which colonies should be selected for further study?

Accepted Answer

Ampicillin Resistant/White

Question 3

Which feature is NOT essential for a good cloning vector?

Accepted Answer

The ability to carry DNA fragments of up to 200 kb

Question 4

What is the primary purpose of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

To seal nicks in the DNA backbone by forming phosphodiester bonds

Question 5

Which of the following statements about palindromic DNA sequences is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are sequences that read the same on both strands and are recognized by restriction enzymes.

Question 6

A genomic library constructed from eukaryotic cells will contain:

Accepted Answer

Both coding and noncoding segments, including introns

Question 7

Which vector would be most appropriate for cloning a DNA fragment of 800 kb?

Accepted Answer

Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)

Question 8

In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), what is the role of primers?

Accepted Answer

They provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to synthesize new DNA strands.

Question 9

Which step in PCR involves the separation of double-stranded DNA into single strands?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 10

A forensic scientist needs to amplify a small amount of DNA found at a crime scene. Which technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 11

Which limitation of PCR could lead to false results in a genetic test?

Accepted Answer

Minor contamination from other sources can cause amplification of unintended DNA.

Question 12

Which method is used to separate DNA fragments by size and visualize them under UV light?

Accepted Answer

Agarose gel electrophoresis

Question 13

In Sanger sequencing, what is the function of dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)?

Accepted Answer

They terminate DNA synthesis by lacking a 3' hydroxyl group.

Question 14

Which technique would you use to analyze the expression of a muscle-specific gene in a zebrafish embryo?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

Question 15

A cDNA library is constructed by:

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing complementary DNA from mRNA using reverse transcriptase

Question 16

Which repair mechanism is used by eukaryotic cells after a double-stranded break is introduced by CRISPR-Cas9?

Accepted Answer

Nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR)

Question 17

What is a major concern when using CRISPR-Cas9 for genome editing?

Accepted Answer

Cas9 may cut at off-target sites due to imperfect sgRNA specificity.

Question 18

Which equation best represents the exponential amplification of DNA during PCR, where $$n is $$the number of cycles?

Accepted Answer

$$2^n$$

Question 19

During transcriptome analysis of sea urchins, it was found that ~52% of all genes were expressed in the first 48 hours of development. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

RNA was produced from 52% of the genes

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world application of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR)?

Accepted Answer

Quantifying gene expression levels in cancer research

Recombinant DNA Technology: Tools, Methods, and Applications

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