Question 1

Which step in RNA-seq library preparation is specifically designed to enrich for messenger RNAs (mRNAs) with polyadenylated tails?

Accepted Answer

PolyA selection

Question 2

During RNA-seq, why is it important to map sequence reads to predicted exon junctions in addition to the genome and transcriptome?

Accepted Answer

To detect alternative splicing events

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in translation?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains

Question 4

A researcher wants to study the expression of small RNAs (18-30 nt) in a tissue sample. Which step should be included in the RNA-seq protocol?

Accepted Answer

Size selection for small RNAs

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 6

In RNA-seq, what is the primary reason for depleting ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from total RNA samples?

Accepted Answer

To increase the representation of mRNAs and other non-rRNA species

Question 7

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein complexes made of RNAs and proteins

Question 8

A scientist is comparing gene expression between two conditions using RNA-seq. After isolating RNA and generating cDNA, what is the next critical step before sequencing?

Accepted Answer

Fragmentation and size selection

Question 9

Which of the following is a direct result of mapping RNA-seq reads to the genome and transcriptome?

Accepted Answer

Quantification of gene expression levels

Question 10

In the context of RNA-seq, what is the main advantage of using paired-end sequencing?

Accepted Answer

It improves the accuracy of mapping reads to the genome, especially across exon junctions

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why polyA selection is used in RNA-seq library preparation?

Accepted Answer

To selectively capture mRNAs with polyadenylated tails

Question 12

A student is analyzing RNA-seq data and notices a high abundance of reads mapping to ribosomal RNA genes. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

rRNA depletion was not performed effectively

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a typical application of RNA-seq?

Accepted Answer

Detecting protein-protein interactions

Question 14

In RNA-seq, what is the consequence of failing to perform size selection when studying small RNAs?

Accepted Answer

Small RNAs will be underrepresented in the sequencing data

Question 15

Which of the following steps in RNA-seq library preparation is most critical for ensuring that only RNA, and not DNA, is sequenced?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcription to generate cDNA

Question 16

A researcher wants to compare the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in a sample. Which RNA-seq library preparation strategy should be avoided?

Accepted Answer

PolyA selection

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the relationship between DNA, RNA, and protein in the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein

Question 18

In RNA-seq, which of the following would most likely result in the loss of information about non-polyadenylated RNAs?

Accepted Answer

Using polyA selection

Question 19

Which of the following is a key reason why RNA-seq is preferred over microarrays for transcriptome analysis?

Accepted Answer

RNA-seq can detect both known and novel transcripts with higher sensitivity

Question 20

A scientist is interested in quantifying the abundance of small RNAs (18-30 nt) in a sample using RNA-seq. Which formula would best represent the calculation of their relative abundance?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Relative Abundance} = \frac{	ext{Number of small RNA reads}}{	ext{Total number of reads}}$$

RNA Sequencing and the Molecular Biology of Translation

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