Question 1

During transcription in eukaryotes, which RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 2

Which sequence is commonly found upstream of the transcription start site in prokaryotic promoters and is known as the Pribnow box?

Accepted Answer

$$5'\ 	ext{TATAAT}\ 3'$$

Question 3

What is the role of the sigma factor in prokaryotic transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

It directs RNA polymerase to the promoter

Question 4

Which of the following is a termination mechanism in prokaryotic transcription that requires the rho protein?

Accepted Answer

Rho-dependent termination

Question 5

In eukaryotic transcription, what is the function of the carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II?

Accepted Answer

It controls elongation of the transcript

Question 6

Which general transcription factor binds the TATA box and recruits other GTFs to form the preinitiation complex in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

TFIID

Question 7

What modification occurs to the RNA polymerase II tail to trigger elongation of the transcript?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 8

Which of the following elements can repress transcription in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Silencers

Question 9

After transcription, which modification protects eukaryotic mRNA from degradation and is important for translation?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap

Question 10

What is the consensus sequence that triggers the addition of the poly-A tail to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{AATAAA}$$

Question 11

During RNA splicing, which complex is responsible for removing introns from pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

The spliceosome

Question 12

Which rule describes the consensus sequences at the splice sites of introns in eukaryotic pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

GU-AG rule

Question 13

Which type of RNA editing involves the addition of a nucleotide to the RNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Insertional editing

Question 14

What is the function of guide RNAs in post-transcriptional RNA editing?

Accepted Answer

They choose where RNA editing will occur

Question 15

Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving pre-miRNA into a ~22 nucleotide miRNA during RNA interference?

Accepted Answer

DICER

Question 16

What is the role of the RISC complex in RNA interference?

Accepted Answer

It unwinds and binds ds-siRNA to target specific transcripts for degradation

Question 17

Which of the following statements about siRNAs is correct?

Accepted Answer

siRNAs target the degradation of a specific transcript

Question 18

Which of the following is a multi-step process that removes non-coding introns from pre-mRNA and joins exons together?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Question 19

A mutation in the TATA box of a eukaryotic gene would most likely affect which process?

Accepted Answer

Transcription initiation

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription termination?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic termination often involves a single terminator for a group of genes, while eukaryotic termination can occur hundreds of nucleotides past the coding sequence

Transcription and RNA Processing in Genetics

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