Question 1

Which of the following best describes the chemical nature of a gene as shown in the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of nucleotides

Question 2

During transcription, which strand of DNA is used as the template for RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The template strand

Question 3

What is the correct sequence of information flow according to the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 4

Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil (U)

Question 5

What is the main structural difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose lacks an OH group at the 2' carbon

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a major type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

snRNA

Question 7

In prokaryotes, what is the function of the sigma factor in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It directs RNA polymerase to the promoter region

Question 8

Which consensus sequence is typically found at the -10 region of a bacterial promoter?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{TATAAT}$$

Question 9

What is the role of the polyA tail in eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It protects mRNA from exonuclease digestion and aids export from the nucleus

Question 10

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing mRNA in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 11

A gene is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein or functional RNA

Question 12

Which of the following modifications occurs at the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 7-methylguanosine cap

Question 13

What is the function of topoisomerase during transcription?

Accepted Answer

It prevents overwinding of DNA ahead of RNA polymerase

Question 14

Which of the following statements about transcription in prokaryotes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation are coupled and occur simultaneously

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct base pairing during transcription?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with U

Question 16

If a DNA template strand has the sequence 3'-ATGCCGTAC-5', what will be the sequence of the RNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

5'-UACGGCAUG-3'

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes have a nuclear membrane separating transcription and translation

Question 18

Which process removes introns from pre-mRNA in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

RNA splicing

Question 19

What is the function of the promoter region in a gene?

Accepted Answer

It indicates where to start transcription

Question 20

Which of the following best describes alternative splicing?

Accepted Answer

The joining of different combinations of exons to produce multiple proteins from one gene

Transcription: DNA to RNA – Structure, Function, and Mechanisms

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