Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Law of Segregation as it relates to meiosis?

Accepted Answer

The two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation, so each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 2

A plant species is tetraploid ($$4n). If $$its haploid chromosome number is $$n=12$$, what is the total chromosome number in a somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$48$$

Question 3

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it increases genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

Question 4

In a dihybrid self-cross ($$RrFf 	imes RrFf$$), what fraction of offspring will be both resistant to glyphosate and high pollen producers?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about true-breeding plants is correct?

Accepted Answer

True-breeding plants are homozygous for the gene of interest.

Question 6

A fruit fly with genotype $$Xw^+/Xw is $$crossed with a white-eyed male ($$Xw/Y). $$What proportion of female offspring will have red eyes if $$Xw^+ is $$dominant?

Accepted Answer

All female offspring will have red eyes.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the number of possible gamete genotypes produced by an individual heterozygous at $$n$$ loci?

Accepted Answer

$$2^n$$

Question 8

If a plant is triploid ($$3n) $$and its C-value is $$2.5 pg$$, what is the total DNA mass in a somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$7.5$$ 	ext{ pg}$

Question 9

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes aligning on the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 10

A trihybrid cross ($$EeCyCy^+Hh 	imes EeCyCy^+Hh) is $$performed. What proportion of offspring will be light brown, have straight wings, and wildtype (hairy) bristles?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{9}{64}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains Mendel’s principle of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

The segregation of alleles at one locus is independent of the segregation of alleles at another locus during gamete formation.

Question 12

Which organism is most likely to tolerate polyploidy based on the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Plants

Question 13

In a testcross, what is the expected outcome if the individual with the dominant phenotype is heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

Half of the offspring will show the dominant phenotype and half will show the recessive phenotype.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a major event in prophase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate.

Question 15

If a human zygote has 46 chromosomes, what is its ploidy and C-value based on the table provided?

Accepted Answer

Diploid, C-value $$\approx 6.09 pg$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the outcome of a dihybrid cross ($$AaBb 	imes AaBb) in $$terms of phenotype ratios?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of polyploidy tolerance?

Accepted Answer

Black mulberry tree with $$44n$$ chromosome sets

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two diploid cells, meiosis produces four haploid cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible reason why plants are more tolerant of polyploidy than animals?

Accepted Answer

Polyploidy can increase genetic diversity and adaptability in plants.

Transmission Genetics: Mendelian Principles, Chromosome Behavior, and Genetic Crosses

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