Alcohols can be named using common names, which is a straightforward method especially useful for simple alcohols. This naming convention involves stating the name of the alkyl group attached to the hydroxyl (–OH) group, followed by the word "alcohol." For example, an alcohol with a methyl group is called methyl alcohol, one with a propyl group is propyl alcohol, and one with a hexyl group is hexyl alcohol. This approach emphasizes the alkyl portion of the molecule first, making it easy to identify the structure based on the alkyl chain length and the presence of the alcohol functional group.
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur
Naming Alcohols (Common Names)
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur
Naming Alcohols (Common Names): 동영상 및 연습문제
주제 요약
Naming Alcohols (Common Names) focuses on a simple pattern used for many small or simple alcohols. The common name is written as the alkyl group name followed by the word alcohol. In other words, identify the carbon group attached to the hydroxyl-containing carbon framework, convert that carbon portion into its alkyl name, and then place alcohol after it.
To apply this correctly, first recognize the structure of the alkyl group. A straight-chain carbon group gives names such as butyl, propyl, or hexyl, while branched groups must keep their correct common alkyl names, such as isobutyl. If the OH group is attached to a ring, use the prefix cyclo, count the carbons in the ring, name the ring as a cycloalkyl group, and then add alcohol. This makes common alcohol naming a matter of identifying whether the attached group is straight-chain, branched, or cyclic and then writing alkyl name + alcohol.
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개념
Naming Alcohols (Common Names) Concept 1
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38sNaming Alcohols (Common Names) Concept 1 Video Summary
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예시
Naming Alcohols (Common Names) Example 1
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45sNaming Alcohols (Common Names) Example 1 Video Summary
When naming alcohols using their common names, the key step is to identify the length of the alkyl group attached to the hydroxyl (–OH) group. For example, if the alcohol has a straight chain of four carbon atoms, the alkyl group is called "butyl." Since the compound contains an –OH group, the name ends with "alcohol." Therefore, a four-carbon straight-chain alcohol is commonly named butyl alcohol. This approach simplifies naming by focusing on the alkyl group and appending "alcohol" to indicate the presence of the hydroxyl functional group.
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문제
Provide common name for the following alcohol compound.
A
2-methyl-1-propanol.
B
Tert-butyl alcohol.
C
Isobutyl alcohol.
D
Propyl alcohol.
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문제
What is the common name for this alcohol?
A
Pentyl alcohol.
B
Cyclohexyl alcohol.
C
Cyclopropyl alcohol.
D
Cyclopentyl alcohol.
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The basic rule for naming alcohols using common names is to first identify the alkyl group attached to the hydroxyl (OH) group and then add the word "alcohol" after it. This means you name the carbon chain or alkyl group first, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc., followed by "alcohol." For example, CH3OH is called methyl alcohol, and C3H7OH is propyl alcohol. This method focuses on the alkyl fragment attached to the OH group rather than the full systematic IUPAC name, making it simpler for many common alcohols.
When naming alcohols with branched alkyl groups using common names, you first identify the alkyl group attached to the OH group, including its branching. For example, a four-carbon branched alkyl group attached to the OH might be called isobutyl. So, the alcohol would be named isobutyl alcohol. The key is to recognize the correct alkyl group name that reflects the branching pattern and then add "alcohol" after it. This approach helps distinguish between straight-chain and branched alcohols in common naming.
Cyclic alcohols are named by identifying the ring structure as the alkyl group and adding the prefix "cyclo" before the ring name, followed by the word "alcohol." For example, if the OH group is attached to a cyclopentane ring, the common name would be cyclopentyl alcohol. This naming convention treats the ring as an alkyl group, emphasizing the carbon framework attached to the hydroxyl group, then appending "alcohol" to complete the name.
The main difference between common names and systematic (IUPAC) names for alcohols lies in their naming approach. Common names focus on the alkyl group attached to the hydroxyl group followed by "alcohol," such as methyl alcohol or propyl alcohol. Systematic names, however, use a more detailed method that includes numbering the carbon chain to indicate the position of the OH group and often end with the suffix "-ol," like methanol or propanol. Common names are simpler and often used for simple alcohols, while systematic names provide precise structural information.
Yes, here are some examples of common names for simple alcohols: CH3OH is methyl alcohol, C2H5OH is ethyl alcohol, C3H7OH is propyl alcohol, and C6H13OH is hexyl alcohol. These names are formed by identifying the alkyl group attached to the OH group and adding the word "alcohol." This naming method is straightforward and commonly used for simple, unbranched alcohols.
