$$pH = -\log(1.0 \times 10$$^{-5}$$) = 5.00$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a Brønsted–Lowry acid?

Accepted Answer

A substance that donates a proton (H⁺) to another substance.

Question 2

Which of the following compounds is a Brønsted–Lowry base?

Accepted Answer

NH₃

Question 3

What is the conjugate base of HClO₄?

Accepted Answer

ClO₄⁻

Question 4

If a solution has a hydronium ion concentration of $$1.0 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M, what is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log(1.0 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$) = 5.00$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

HNO₃

Question 6

What is the main buffer system in human blood?

Accepted Answer

H₂CO₃/HCO₃⁻

Question 7

A patient is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which of the following best describes what is happening in their blood?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of CO₂ increases, driving the equilibrium to the right and increasing [H₃O⁺].

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the neutralization reaction between acetic acid and sodium hydroxide?

Accepted Answer

$$CH_3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) \rightarrow H_2O(l) + NaCH_3COO(aq)$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why a buffer resists changes in pH when a small amount of acid is added?

Accepted Answer

The conjugate base in the buffer reacts with the added acid, neutralizing it.

Question 10

Which of the following is true for a strong base dissolving in water?

Accepted Answer

100% of the base dissociates into ions.

Question 11

What is the conjugate acid of the cyanide ion, CN⁻?

Accepted Answer

HCN

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the effect of hyperventilation on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Hyperventilation decreases CO₂, driving the equilibrium to the left and raising pH.

Question 13

Which of the following is a weak acid?

Accepted Answer

CH₃COOH

Question 14

A solution has $$[H_3O^+] = 2.0 	imes 10$$^{-8}$$ M. Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral?

Accepted Answer

Basic

Question 15

Which of the following best describes Le Châtelier’s Principle?

Accepted Answer

When equilibrium is disturbed, the system shifts to relieve the stress and reestablish equilibrium.

Question 16

Which of the following reactions produces water and carbon dioxide when a bicarbonate base reacts with an acid?

Accepted Answer

$$HCO_3^- + H_3O$$^+ \rightarrow H_2O + $$CO_2$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between acid strength and its conjugate base?

Accepted Answer

A strong acid forms a weak conjugate base.

Question 18

Which of the following is a common misconception about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 0 is less acidic than a solution with pH 6.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the stomach has a low pH?

Accepted Answer

The stomach contains strong acids, such as HCl, that dissociate completely.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of adding a strong base to a buffer solution?

Accepted Answer

The strong base reacts with the weak acid in the buffer, minimizing the change in pH.

Acids, Bases, and Buffers: Principles and Applications

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