Question 1

Which of the following compounds is an example of a ketone?

Accepted Answer

2-Butanone ($$\mathrm{CH_3COCH_2CH_3})$$

Question 2

Which statement best explains why aldehydes generally have higher boiling points than alkanes of similar molar mass, but lower than alcohols?

Accepted Answer

Aldehydes have dipole-dipole interactions due to the carbonyl group, but cannot hydrogen bond with each other.

Question 3

What is the product when butanal ($$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CHO}) is $$oxidized?

Accepted Answer

Butanoic acid ($$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2COOH})$$

Question 4

Which test is used to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone, and what is the expected result for an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

Benedict's test; aldehydes give a red precipitate.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the condensed formula $$\mathrm{CH_3COOCH_2CH_3}$$?

Accepted Answer

Ethyl acetate

Question 6

A carbohydrate has the following Fischer projection. Which statement is correct?

$$\begin{array}{c}
\mathrm{CHO} \
| \
\mathrm{H-C-OH} \
| \
\mathrm{HO-C-H} \
| \
\mathrm{H-C-OH} \
| \
\mathrm{CH_2OH}
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

It is D-glucose.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the hydrolysis of sucrose is correct?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose hydrolyzes to give one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose.

Question 8

Which of the following is a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

Maltose

Question 9

What is the product of the neutralization reaction between acetic acid ($$\mathrm{CH_3COOH}) $$and sodium hydroxide ($$\mathrm{NaOH}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_3COONa}$$ and $$\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A linear polymer of $$\beta-D-$$glucose units linked by $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic bonds.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct dissociation reaction for propanoic acid ($$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2COOH}) in $$water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2COOH} + \mathrm{H_2O} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH_3CH_2COO^-} + \mathrm{H_3O^+}$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the IR spectrum of a carboxylic acid is correct?

Accepted Answer

It shows a broad O-H stretch around $$2500-3300\ \mathrm{cm}^{-1}$$ and a strong C=O stretch near $$1700\ \mathrm{cm}^{-1}.$$

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct equation for the acid hydrolysis of ethyl butanoate ($$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2COOCH_2CH_3}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2COOCH_2CH_3} + \mathrm{H_2O} \xrightarrow{H^+} \mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2COOH} + \mathrm{CH_3CH_2OH}$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the formation of hemiacetals is correct?

Accepted Answer

A hemiacetal forms when an aldehyde reacts with one equivalent of an alcohol.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between D- and L-glucose?

Accepted Answer

They are enantiomers; the configuration of the hydroxyl group on the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl group is different.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the condensed formula $$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2COOH}$$?

Accepted Answer

Propanoic acid

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the solubility of carboxylic acids and esters in water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carboxylic acids with up to four carbons are highly soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct product of the reduction of D-glucose?

Accepted Answer

D-sorbitol (D-glucitol)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the structure of glycogen?

Accepted Answer

A highly branched polymer of $$\alpha-D-$$glucose units with $$\alpha-1$$,4- and $$\alpha-1$$,6-glycosidic bonds.

Aldehydes, Ketones, Carbohydrates, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters: Study Guide

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