$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of photosynthesis in plants?

Accepted Answer

Plants convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen using energy from the sun.

Question 2

Which formula represents the overall photosynthesis reaction in plants?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Structural component of cell membranes

Question 4

Which carbohydrate type is composed of many monosaccharide units and is found in foods like potatoes and rice?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharide

Question 5

Which structural feature distinguishes an aldose from a ketose?

Accepted Answer

Aldoses contain an aldehyde group; ketoses contain a ketone group.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide found in milk?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 7

What is the result of the hydrogenation reaction of an unsaturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of double bonds to single bonds, producing a more saturated fat

Question 8

Which of the following is a major structural difference between cellulose and starch?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains β(1→4) glycosidic bonds; starch contains α(1→4) glycosidic bonds.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about essential fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

They must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure of a steroid nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Three cyclohexane rings and one cyclopentane ring fused together

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of bile salts in the body?

Accepted Answer

Make fats soluble in water by acting like soaps

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the general structure of an amino acid at physiological pH?

Accepted Answer

A central carbon bonded to a carboxylate group, an ammonium group, a hydrogen atom, and an R group

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyze biochemical reactions as enzymes

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct formula for the hydrolysis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Disaccharide} + H_2O \xrightarrow{H^+, 	ext{enzyme}} 	ext{Monosaccharide} + 	ext{Monosaccharide}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the chemical reaction that produces D-glucitol (sorbitol) from D-glucose?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of D-glucose in the presence of platinum catalyst

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of cholesterol in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is needed for cell membranes, brain and nerve tissue, steroid hormones, and vitamin D.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the effect of excess cholesterol in the arteries?

Accepted Answer

It forms plaque that can block an artery, resulting in a heart attack.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of adrenal corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

They regulate electrolyte and water balance by the kidneys and increase blood glucose level.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

It transports oxygen in the blood.

Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

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