Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of photosynthesis in plants?

Accepted Answer

Plants convert $$CO_2$$ and $$H_2O$$ into carbohydrates and $$O_2$$ using energy from the sun.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct classification for a monosaccharide with five carbon atoms and a ketone group?

Accepted Answer

Ketopentose

Question 3

Which of the following statements about chiral molecules is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A chiral molecule has at least one carbon atom bonded to four different groups.

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct Fischer projection for D-glucose?

Accepted Answer

The —OH group on the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl group is on the right.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 6

What is the product of the reduction of D-glucose?

Accepted Answer

D-sorbitol

Question 7

Which glycosidic bond is found in amylose?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha-(1$$→4) glycosidic bond

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack enzymes to hydrolyze $$\beta-(1$$→4) glycosidic bonds.

Question 9

A patient with diabetes has a blood glucose level of 300 mg/dL. This condition is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia

Question 10

Which of the following pairs of monosaccharides are isomers of each other?

Accepted Answer

D-glucose and D-galactose

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of glycogen?

Accepted Answer

A highly branched polymer of glucose with $$\alpha-(1$$→4) and $$\alpha-(1$$→6) glycosidic bonds.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about Haworth structures is correct?

Accepted Answer

The $$\alpha-$$anomer has the —OH group on carbon 1 below the ring, while the $$\beta-$$anomer has it above the ring.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of mutarotation?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha-D-$$glucose and $$\beta-D-$$glucose interconvert in solution through the open-chain form.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the oxidation of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

The aldehyde group is oxidized to a carboxylic acid, forming a sugar acid.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the composition of lactose?

Accepted Answer

$$\beta-D-$$galactose and $$\alpha- or$$ $$\beta-D-$$glucose

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world application of sugar alcohols?

Accepted Answer

They are used as sweeteners in sugar-free products for people with diabetes.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of glycosaminoglycans in the body?

Accepted Answer

They attract water and cushion or lubricate structures in the body.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is unbranched, while amylopectin is branched.

Carbohydrates: Structure, Classification, and Biological Importance

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