Q: A nurse needs to dilute a 75 mL stock solution of medication that is 25% (m/v) to a final volume of 550 mL. What will be the new concentration of the medication?

$$\frac{75\,\text{mL} \times 25\%}{550\,\text{mL}} = 3.41\%$$

Q: What is the molarity of a solution containing 25.32 g of NaCl dissolved in 0.750 L of solution? (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol)

$$\frac{25.32\,\text{g}}{58.44\,\text{g/mol}} = 0.433\,\text{mol}$$; $$\frac{0.433\,\text{mol}}{0.750\,\text{L}} = 0.577\,\text{M}$$

Q: How many moles of NaCl are in 3.75 L of a 0.485 M solution?

$$3.75\,\text{L} \times 0.485\,\text{mol/L} = 1.82\,\text{mol}$$

Q: A student needs to prepare a $$7.2 \times 10$$^{-3}$$ M K_3$PO_4$ solution using 4.2 mL of a 0.15 M stock solution. What is the final volume of the solution?

$$V_2$$ = \frac{M_1V_1}{$$M_2$$} = \frac{0.15 \times 4.2}{7.2 \times $$10^{-3}$$} = 87.5\,\text{mL}$$

Q: A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of glucose in enough water to make 100 mL of solution. What is the mass/volume percent (m/v%)?

$$\frac{10\,\text{g}}{100\,\text{mL}} \times 100\% = 10\%$$

Question 1

Which intermolecular force is primarily responsible for water's ability to dissolve ionic compounds such as NaCl?

Accepted Answer

Ion-dipole interactions

Question 2

A nurse needs to dilute a 75 mL stock solution of medication that is 25% (m/v) to a final volume of 550 mL. What will be the new concentration of the medication?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{75\,	ext{mL} 	imes 25\%}{550\,	ext{mL}} = 3.41\%$$

Question 3

Which compound is most soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

CH$$_3OH$

Question 4

What is the molarity of a solution containing 25.32 g of NaCl dissolved in 0.750 L of solution? (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{25.32\,	ext{g}}{58.44\,	ext{g/mol}} = 0.433\,	ext{mol}$$; $$\frac{0.433\,	ext{mol}}{0.750\,	ext{L}} = 0.577\,	ext{M}$$

Question 5

How many moles of NaCl are in 3.75 L of a 0.485 M solution?

Accepted Answer

$$3.75\,	ext{L} 	imes 0.485\,	ext{mol/L} = 1.82\,	ext{mol}$$

Question 6

A student needs to prepare a $$7.2 	imes 10$$^{-3}$$ M K_3$PO_4$ solution using 4.2 mL of a 0.15 M stock solution. What is the final volume of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$V_2$$ = \frac{M_1V_1}{$$M_2$$} = \frac{0.15 	imes 4.2}{7.2 	imes $$10^{-3}$$} = 87.5\,	ext{mL}$$

Question 7

Which scenario best describes osmosis in red blood cells placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Water diffuses into the cell, causing it to burst.

Question 8

Which statement best explains why nonpolar solvents like hexane are used to extract vegetable oil from soybeans?

Accepted Answer

Vegetable oil is nonpolar and dissolves well in nonpolar solvents.

Question 9

A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of glucose in enough water to make 100 mL of solution. What is the mass/volume percent (m/v%)?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{10\,	ext{g}}{100\,	ext{mL}} 	imes 100\% = 10\%$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of dialysis?

Accepted Answer

Suspended colloidal particles are separated from dissolved ions or molecules using a semipermeable membrane.

Question 11

Which equation is used to calculate the final concentration after dilution?

Accepted Answer

$$M_1V_1 = M_2V_2$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of reverse osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water purification in areas with scarce drinking water

Question 13

Which scenario will result in water moving from left to right through a semipermeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Left side: 0.1 M KBr; Right side: 0.8 M KBr

Question 14

Which property of liquids is most influenced by intermolecular forces?

Accepted Answer

Ability to dissolve substances

Question 15

A solution is isotonic to a cell if:

Accepted Answer

The solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the phrase 'like dissolves like'?

Accepted Answer

Solvents dissolve solutes with similar polarity.

Question 17

What is the main difference between osmosis and reverse osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis moves water towards a hypertonic solution, reverse osmosis moves water towards a hypotonic solution using pressure.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a common polar solvent?

Accepted Answer

Hexane

Question 19

A pharmaceutical company distributes epinephrine in a solution labeled 1 mg/mL. What type of concentration is this?

Accepted Answer

Mass/volume (mg/mL)

Chapter 11: Solutions – Structure, Properties, and Biological Relevance

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