Q: Which of the following is a correct balanced equation for the oxidation of glucose in living cells?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process by which carbohydrates are produced in plants?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are produced by photosynthesis, where plants use CO$$_2$$, H$$_2O$$, and energy from the sun.

Question 2

A patient’s blood glucose level rises from 100 mg/dL before a meal to 170 mg/dL after a meal. According to Paula’s advice, what should the patient do?

Accepted Answer

Lower the amount of carbohydrates consumed.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct balanced equation for the oxidation of glucose in living cells?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 4

Which statement correctly distinguishes an aldose from a ketose?

Accepted Answer

An aldose contains an aldehyde group, while a ketose contains a ketone group.

Question 5

Which of the following monosaccharides is classified as a ketopentose?

Accepted Answer

A five-carbon saccharide with a ketone group.

Question 6

How many chiral carbon atoms are present in a molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Four

Question 7

Which of the following is true about chiral molecules?

Accepted Answer

Chiral molecules have at least one carbon atom bonded to four different groups.

Question 8

Which statement best explains why only one enantiomer of a drug is biologically active?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes and receptors are chiral, so only one enantiomer fits properly.

Question 9

Which of the following objects is chiral?

Accepted Answer

A left-handed glove

Question 10

In a Fischer projection, how is the most highly oxidized carbon group positioned?

Accepted Answer

At the top of the structure

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct D/L notation for a monosaccharide with the –OH group on the right of the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl carbon?

Accepted Answer

D-isomer

Question 12

Which of the following is a structural isomer pair?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol and dimethyl ether ($$\mathrm{C_2H_6O})$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct classification for fructose?

Accepted Answer

Ketohexose

Question 14

Which statement is true about enantiomers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Only one enantiomer interacts with chiral enzymes or receptors.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for fructose?

Accepted Answer

1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxy-2-hexanone

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A carbohydrate consisting of many monosaccharide units.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about achiral carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

Achiral molecules have superimposable mirror images.

Question 18

A drug researcher wants to produce only the active enantiomer of a chiral drug. Which technology should they use?

Accepted Answer

Chiral technology

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a Fischer projection?

Accepted Answer

A two-dimensional representation with the most highly oxidized carbon at the top.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the treatment of Parkinson’s disease with L-dopa?

Accepted Answer

Only L-dopa is effective because it fits the chiral receptor in the brain.

Chapter 13: Carbohydrates and Chiral Molecules – Structured Study Notes

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