Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between two nonmetals.

Question 2

A neutral atom of sulfur has 16 protons and 16 electrons. What is the symbol and charge of the ion formed when it gains two electrons?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{S}^{2-}$$

Question 3

Which of the following compounds is named correctly according to the rules for naming ionic compounds with metals of fixed charge?

Accepted Answer

MgO: magnesium oxide

Question 4

What is the correct formula for the ionic compound formed between aluminum ions and sulfate ions?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Al}_2(\mathrm{SO}_4)_3$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why ionic compounds generally have higher melting points than molecular compounds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic compounds have stronger electrostatic attractions between ions compared to the weaker intermolecular forces in molecular compounds.

Question 6

A sample of $$\mathrm{Fe}_2\mathrm{O}_3 is $$analyzed. What is the correct name for this compound?

Accepted Answer

Iron(III) oxide

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for methane ($$\mathrm{CH}_4$$)?

Accepted Answer

A central C atom with four single bonds to four H atoms, each H having no lone pairs and C having no lone pairs.

Question 8

Which of the following molecules is nonpolar, even though it contains polar bonds?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO}_2$$

Question 9

What is the strongest type of intermolecular force present in liquid ammonia ($$\mathrm{NH}_3$$)?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the geometry and shape of $$\mathrm{NH}_3$$ according to VSEPR theory?

Accepted Answer

Tetrahedral electron group geometry, trigonal pyramidal molecular shape

Question 11

A patient is given a medication containing the polyatomic ion $$\mathrm{HCO}_3^-. $$What is the correct name for this ion?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)

Question 12

Which of the following bonds is considered ionic based on electronegativity difference?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Na}-\mathrm{Cl} (EN $$difference = 2.1)

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for the compound formed between calcium ions and phosphate ions?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca}_3(\mathrm{PO}_4)_2$$

Question 14

Which of the following molecules has a bent molecular shape due to the presence of two lone pairs on the central atom?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 15

Rank the following compounds in order of increasing melting point: $$\mathrm{CO}_2$$, $$\mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{OH}$$, $$\mathrm{NaCl}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO}_2 \u003c \mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{OH} \u003c \mathrm{NaCl}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct name for $$\mathrm{KNO}_3$$?

Accepted Answer

Potassium nitrate

Question 17

A molecule of $$\mathrm{CCl}_4 is $$nonpolar even though it contains polar bonds. Why?

Accepted Answer

The molecule is symmetrical, so the bond dipoles cancel each other out.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for iron(III) phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{FePO}_4$$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about polyatomic ions is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms that behave as a single unit and carry an overall charge.

Chapter 6 – Ionic and Molecular Compounds: Study Notes

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