Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water because water molecules in ice are farther apart due to optimal hydrogen bonding.

Question 2

Which of the following mixtures is correctly classified as a colloid?

Accepted Answer

Homogenized milk, because its particles are between 1 and 1000 nanometers and remain suspended.

Question 3

A patient is given an intravenous (IV) solution of 0.90% (m/v) NaCl. Why is this solution considered isotonic to blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It has the same solute concentration as blood plasma, minimizing osmosis across cell membranes.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the solubility of gases in water is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solubility of a gas in water decreases as temperature increases.

Question 6

A solution is prepared by dissolving 5.0 g of glucose in enough water to make 100 mL of solution. What is the percent mass/volume (% m/v) concentration of glucose in this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$5\%$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why nonpolar covalent compounds do not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and cannot form strong attractive forces with nonpolar molecules.

Question 8

A 2.0 M NaCl solution is diluted to a final volume of 1.0 L, resulting in a 0.50 M solution. What was the initial volume of the 2.0 M NaCl solution used? (Use $$M_1V_1 = M_2V_2)$$

Accepted Answer

$$0.25\ 	ext{L}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a strong electrolyte when dissolved in water?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium chloride ($$\mathrm{$$MgCl_2$$})$$

Question 10

A patient with gout has a buildup of uric acid in their joints. This is most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

Uric acid exceeding its solubility limit and precipitating as crystals.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a suspension?

Accepted Answer

A mixture in which particles larger than 1000 nanometers will settle out over time.

Question 12

According to Henry’s Law, what happens to the solubility of oxygen in blood as the partial pressure of oxygen increases at the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The solubility of oxygen in blood increases.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct unit for expressing the concentration of electrolytes in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{mEq/L} ($$milliequivalents per liter)

Question 14

A solution contains $$0.002\ \mathrm{g} of $$lead ions in $$1\ \mathrm{L} of $$water. What is the concentration in parts per million (ppm)?

Accepted Answer

$$2\ \mathrm{ppm}$$

Question 15

Which of the following statements about diffusion and dialysis in the kidneys is correct?

Accepted Answer

Small waste molecules move from blood (higher concentration) to urine (lower concentration) by diffusion.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes an amphipathic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with both polar and nonpolar regions that can interact with water through its polar part.

Question 17

If $$0.1\ \mathrm{mol} of$$ $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ ions are present in $$1\ \mathrm{L} of $$solution, how many equivalents are present? (Recall: the number of equivalents per mole equals the charge on the ion.)

Accepted Answer

$$0.2\ \mathrm{Eq}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a nonelectrolyte when dissolved in water?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 19

A solution is prepared by dissolving $$0.5\ \mathrm{g} of a $$solute in enough water to make $$250\ \mathrm{mL} of $$solution. What is the concentration in $$\mathrm{mg/dL}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$20\ \mathrm{mg/dL}$$

Chapter 8: Solution Chemistry – Study Notes

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