Question 1

Which of the following best describes a solution?

Accepted Answer

A homogeneous mixture with small particles, ions, or molecules that cannot be filtered and pass through semipermeable membranes.

Question 2

A patient receives an intravenous (IV) solution of 0.9% NaCl. Why is this solution used in medical settings?

Accepted Answer

Because it is isotonic to blood cells, maintaining normal cell volume and function.

Question 3

Which process describes the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 4

What happens to a red blood cell placed in a 2% NaCl solution?

Accepted Answer

It undergoes crenation due to water leaving the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following mixtures can be separated by a filter but not by a semipermeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 6

A dialysis membrane is used to remove waste from blood. Which particles will pass through the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Small solute particles such as $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$, $$\mathrm{Cl^-}$$, and glucose

Question 7

Which of the following statements about osmotic pressure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic pressure is equal to the pressure that would prevent the flow of additional water into the more concentrated solution.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a colloid?

Accepted Answer

Mayonnaise

Question 9

What is the effect on red blood cells when placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

They swell and may burst due to water entering the cell.

Question 10

Reverse osmosis is used in desalination plants to obtain pure water from seawater. Which statement best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

A pressure greater than the osmotic pressure is applied, forcing water from a more concentrated solution to a less concentrated solution, leaving solutes behind.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why a 5% glucose solution is isotonic to red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

It has the same osmotic pressure as the cells, so there is no net movement of water.

Question 12

Which mixture type is characterized by particles that do not settle out, cannot be filtered, and pass through semipermeable membranes?

Accepted Answer

Solution

Question 13

A patient is accidentally given a hypotonic IV solution. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may burst (hemolysis).

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between a colloid and a suspension?

Accepted Answer

Colloids have medium-sized particles that do not settle, while suspensions have large particles that settle out and can be filtered.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the relationship between osmotic pressure ($$\pi$$), molarity ($$M$$), the gas constant ($$R$$), and temperature ($$T$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\pi = MRT$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a property of a solution?

Accepted Answer

Particles can be separated by a filter.

Question 17

A sample of muddy water is left undisturbed. After a few hours, the solid particles settle to the bottom. This mixture is best classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 18

Which of the following statements about dialysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dialysis is used to separate colloidal particles from solution particles.

Question 19

A red blood cell is placed in a 1% glucose solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will undergo hemolysis.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why colloids scatter light but solutions do not?

Accepted Answer

Colloids have larger particles than solutions, which are large enough to scatter light.

Chapter 9: Solutions – Properties, Types, and Biological Relevance

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