Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general structure of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A central carbon atom bonded to an amino group ($$\mathrm{NH_2$}$$), a carboxyl group ($$\mathrm{COOH}$$), a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group.

Question 2

At a pH below the isoelectric point (pI) of an amino acid, what is the predominant charge on the amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Positive

Question 3

Which of the following statements about peptide bond formation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a condensation reaction that releases water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) as a $$byproduct.

Question 4

Which level of protein structure is primarily stabilized by hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms and is responsible for alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a cause of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a competitive inhibitor

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between a cofactor and a coenzyme?

Accepted Answer

A cofactor is a non-protein helper, while a coenzyme is an organic cofactor.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes noncompetitive inhibition of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

The inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape and reducing its activity.

Question 8

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is a purine?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct complementary DNA strand for the sequence 5'-ATGCCGTA-3'?

Accepted Answer

3'-TACGGCAT-5'

Question 10

During translation, which type of RNA carries the amino acid to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 11

A mutation changes the codon UAU (tyrosine) to UAA. What is the result of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

A premature stop codon is introduced, leading to a truncated protein.

Question 12

Which of the following best distinguishes a virus from a cell?

Accepted Answer

A virus cannot reproduce on its own and lacks cellular organelles.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy, while anabolism builds molecules using energy.

Question 14

Which of the following nucleotides is in its high-energy, reduced form?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NADH}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct net equation for glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Glucose} + 2\ \mathrm{NAD^+} + 2\ \mathrm{ADP} + 2\ \mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow 2\ \mathrm{Pyruvate} + 2\ \mathrm{NADH} + 2\ \mathrm{ATP} + 2\ \mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 16

How many ATP molecules are produced from the complete aerobic oxidation of one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 30-32 ATP

Question 17

Which enzyme complex in the electron transport chain is responsible for the reduction of oxygen to water?

Accepted Answer

Complex IV

Question 18

A saturated fatty acid with 16 carbons (palmitic acid) undergoes $$\beta-$$oxidation. How many rounds of $$\beta-$$oxidation occur, and how many acetyl-CoA molecules are produced?

Accepted Answer

7 rounds, 8 acetyl-CoA

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of coenzyme Q in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

It shuttles electrons between Complex I/II and Complex III.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about recombinant DNA technology is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves combining DNA from different organisms to create new genetic combinations.

CHEM 102 Exam 5 Study Guide: Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Metabolism (Ch. 10-12)

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