Q: A sample of gas is contained in a 2.0 L flask at 1.0 atm and 300 K. If the temperature is increased to 600 K while the pressure remains constant, what will be the new volume of the gas? (Assume ideal behavior.)

$$V_2$$ = $$V_1$$ \times \frac{$$T_2$$}{$$T_1$$} = 2.0\,\text{L} \times \frac{600\,\text{K}}{300\,\text{K}} = 4.0\,\text{L}$$

Q: Which of the following is the correct conversion between pressure units?

$$1\,\text{atm} = 760\,\text{mmHg} = 760\,\text{torr}$$

Q: A solution is prepared by dissolving 10.0 g of NaCl (molar mass = 58.44 g/mol) in enough water to make 500.0 mL of solution. What is the molarity of the solution?

$$M = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}} = \frac{10.0\,\text{g} / 58.44\,\text{g/mol}}{0.500\,\text{L}} = 0.342\,\text{M}$$

Q: A 3.0 L sample of gas at 2.0 atm is compressed to 1.0 L at constant temperature. What is the final pressure?

$$P_2$$ = $$P_1$$ \times \frac{$$V_1$$}{$$V_2$$} = 2.0\,\text{atm} \times \frac{3.0\,\text{L}}{1.0\,\text{L}} = 6.0\,\text{atm}$$

Question 1

A sample of gas is contained in a 2.0 L flask at 1.0 atm and 300 K. If the temperature is increased to 600 K while the pressure remains constant, what will be the new volume of the gas? (Assume ideal behavior.)

Accepted Answer

$$V_2$$ = $$V_1$$ 	imes \frac{$$T_2$$}{$$T_1$$} = 2.0\,	ext{L} 	imes \frac{600\,	ext{K}}{300\,	ext{K}} = 4.0\,	ext{L}$$

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes the movement of gas molecules according to the kinetic molecular theory?

Accepted Answer

Gas molecules move rapidly in random directions and collide elastically with each other and the walls of their container.

Question 3

As you climb a mountain and increase your altitude, what happens to the atmospheric pressure and the boiling point of water?

Accepted Answer

Atmospheric pressure decreases and the boiling point of water decreases.

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct conversion between pressure units?

Accepted Answer

$$1\,	ext{atm} = 760\,	ext{mmHg} = 760\,	ext{torr}$$

Question 5

Which of the following elements can participate in hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

Question 6

A solution is prepared by dissolving 10.0 g of NaCl (molar mass = 58.44 g/mol) in enough water to make 500.0 mL of solution. What is the molarity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}} = \frac{10.0\,	ext{g} / 58.44\,	ext{g/mol}}{0.500\,	ext{L}} = 0.342\,	ext{M}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a saturated solution?

Accepted Answer

A solution in which no more solute can dissolve at a given temperature.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct form of the ideal gas law?

Accepted Answer

$$PV = nRT$$

Question 9

A 3.0 L sample of gas at 2.0 atm is compressed to 1.0 L at constant temperature. What is the final pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$P_2$$ = $$P_1$$ 	imes \frac{$$V_1$$}{$$V_2$$} = 2.0\,	ext{atm} 	imes \frac{3.0\,	ext{L}}{1.0\,	ext{L}} = 6.0\,	ext{atm}$$

Question 10

Which of the following statements about electrolytes is correct?

Accepted Answer

A strong electrolyte completely dissociates into ions in solution.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why salt is spread on icy roads in winter?

Accepted Answer

Adding salt lowers the freezing point of water, causing ice to melt at lower temperatures.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the solubility of gases in water as temperature increases?

Accepted Answer

The solubility of gases decreases as temperature increases.

Question 13

How many equivalents are present in 1 mole of $$	ext{Ca}^{2+}$$?

Accepted Answer

2 equivalents

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the relationship between pressure and volume for a gas at constant temperature?

Accepted Answer

Pressure and volume are inversely related: $$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$$

Question 15

A solution is made by diluting 50.0 mL of 6.0 M HCl to a final volume of 300.0 mL. What is the final concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_2$$ = \frac{C_1V_1}{$$V_2$$} = \frac{6.0\,	ext{M} 	imes 50.0\,	ext{mL}}{300.0\,	ext{mL}} = 1.0\,	ext{M}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the phrase 'like dissolves like'?

Accepted Answer

Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

Question 17

What is the volume occupied by 2.0 moles of any ideal gas at STP?

Accepted Answer

$$V = n 	imes 22.4\,	ext{L} = 2.0 	imes 22.4\,	ext{L} = 44.8\,	ext{L}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{	ext{total}} = P_1$ + P_2$ + P_3$ + \ldots$$

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct definition of pressure?

Accepted Answer

Pressure is the force exerted per unit area: $$P = \frac{F}{A}$$

Gases and Solutions: Study Guide for Chapters 8 & 9 (GOB Chemistry)

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