Q: Which sequence represents the non-template (coding) strand if the template strand of a gene is $$3'\text{–}GCCACGTATCA\text{–}5'$$?

$$5'\text{–}CGGTGCATAGT\text{–}3'$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why Mendel chose pea plants for his genetic experiments?

Accepted Answer

They have a short generation time, produce many offspring, can self- and cross-pollinate, and have easily distinguishable traits.

Question 2

A woman with genotype $$X^N X^n ($$where $$N is $$normal and $$n is an X-$$linked recessive disorder) has children with a man who is $$X^N Y. $$What is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype.

Question 4

In a dihybrid cross between two individuals heterozygous for both traits ($$AaBb 	imes AaBb$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 5

A test cross is performed between a plant with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive plant. If all offspring display the dominant phenotype, what is the most likely genotype of the unknown parent?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous dominant

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene causing both sickle-shaped red blood cells and resistance to malaria.

Question 7

Which scientist's experiment provided evidence that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material by using radioactive labeling of bacteriophages?

Accepted Answer

Hershey and Chase

Question 8

What is the function of a primer during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It provides a starting point for DNA polymerase to add nucleotides.

Question 9

Which sequence represents the non-template (coding) strand if the template strand of a gene is $$3'	ext{–}GCCACGTATCA	ext{–}5'$$?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{–}CGGTGCATAGT	ext{–}3'$$

Question 10

Which process describes how a primary RNA transcript becomes mature mRNA in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Introns are removed, exons are spliced together, a 5' cap and a poly-A tail are added.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why X-linked recessive disorders are more common in males?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will cause the disorder.

Question 12

What is the role of the SRY gene in human development?

Accepted Answer

It triggers the development of testes in embryos.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about Okazaki fragments?

Accepted Answer

They are short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Question 14

A mutation in the WNT4 gene in an XY embryo results in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Possible development of rudimentary female ovaries despite the presence of a Y chromosome.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between 'wild-type' and 'mutant' traits?

Accepted Answer

'Wild-type' is the most common trait in nature, while 'mutant' is less common.

Question 16

During translation, what is the significance of the codon AUG?

Accepted Answer

It is the start codon and codes for methionine.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of the transcription initiation complex in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Okazaki fragments

Question 18

Which process explains how a ribosome translating a polypeptide destined for secretion becomes bound to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

A signal peptide is recognized by an SRP, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about Barr bodies is correct?

Accepted Answer

A Barr body is an inactivated X chromosome found in female mammalian cells.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the outcome of Frederick Griffith's experiment with Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Accepted Answer

Non-lethal bacteria became lethal after being mixed with heat-killed deadly bacteria, suggesting a 'transforming principle.'

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