Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecular formula, a condensed structural formula, and a Lewis structure for propane ($$\mathrm{C_3H_8}$$)?

Accepted Answer

The molecular formula shows only the number of each type of atom, the condensed structural formula shows the connectivity of atoms, and the Lewis structure shows all atoms and bonds explicitly.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the condensed formula $$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3}$$?

Accepted Answer

Pentane

Question 3

Which functional group is present in all alcohols?

Accepted Answer

A hydroxyl group ($$\mathrm{-OH}) $$attached to a carbon atom

Question 4

Which of the following statements about alkanes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Alkanes are nonpolar because the electronegativities of carbon and hydrogen are similar.

Question 5

What is the correct name for the following structure: $$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2Cl}$$?

Accepted Answer

1-chlorobutane

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a constitutional (structural) isomer?

Accepted Answer

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct skeletal structure for cyclopentane?

Accepted Answer

A regular pentagon

Question 8

Which of the following compounds is an aromatic hydrocarbon?

Accepted Answer

Benzene ($$\mathrm{C_6H_6})$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a property of aromatic compounds such as benzene?

Accepted Answer

They are unusually stable due to resonance.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a chiral molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that is not superimposable on its mirror image

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of a cis-trans isomer pair?

Accepted Answer

2-butene: $$\mathrm{CH_3CH=$$CHCH_3$$}$$ with methyl groups on the same side (cis) and on opposite sides (trans)

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown below?

$$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3$)CH_2CH_3}$$

Accepted Answer

3-methylpentane

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the biological consequences of chirality is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enantiomers can have drastically different effects in biological systems, such as one being beneficial and the other toxic.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct condensed structural formula for hexane?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of an alkene?

Accepted Answer

A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon double bond

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a functional group and its family?

Accepted Answer

Aldehyde: $$\mathrm{R-CHO}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about isomers?

Accepted Answer

Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structures or arrangements.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the structure below?

$$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3}$$

Accepted Answer

Heptane

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a ketone and an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A ketone has a carbonyl group ($$\mathrm{C=O}) $$bonded to two carbons, while an aldehyde has a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen.

Introduction to Organic Compounds: Structures, Families, and Isomerism

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