Question 1

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of solvent molecules from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 2

A semipermeable membrane separates two solutions: Solution A (6.78% NaCl) and Solution B (12.7% NaCl). Which solution will increase in volume due to osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Solution A

Question 3

Which statement about a semipermeable membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It allows solvent molecules to pass but restricts solute molecules.

Question 4

If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst due to water entering.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a hypertonic solution relative to red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

It has a higher solute concentration and higher osmotic pressure than the cell.

Question 6

A patient’s red blood cells are placed in a solution depleted in electrolytes. Which process is more likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Hemolysis

Question 7

Which solution is isotonic to blood?

Accepted Answer

A solution with the same osmotic pressure as blood.

Question 8

What is the direction of water flow when two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane and solution B has a higher osmotic pressure than solution A?

Accepted Answer

Water will flow from solution A to solution B.

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) in $$terms of molarity ($$M$$), gas constant ($$R$$), temperature ($$T$$), and van't Hoff factor ($$i$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 10

A red blood cell is placed in pure water. What will happen?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell due to higher osmotic pressure inside the cell.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about isotonic intravenous solutions?

Accepted Answer

They have the same solute concentration and osmotic pressure as blood plasma.

Question 12

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what is the expected effect?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of a hypotonic environment on red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells gain water and swell.

Question 14

Which term describes the relative concentration of solute dissolved in a solution?

Accepted Answer

Tonicity

Question 15

A solution with a lower solute concentration than body fluids is called:

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a property of a semipermeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Allows all molecules to pass freely.

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios would result in hemolysis of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Placing cells in a hypotonic solution.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why intravenous solutions must be isotonic to body fluids?

Accepted Answer

To prevent water from entering or leaving cells excessively.

Question 19

A dialysis membrane is used to separate two solutions. If solution X has a higher solute concentration than solution Y, what will happen?

Accepted Answer

Water will move from solution Y to solution X.

Question 20

Which of the following is the best definition of osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

The pressure exerted on the semipermeable membrane by the solvent.

Osmosis and Solution Tonicity in Biological Systems

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