Q: What volume of 0.100 M Na$$_3PO$_4 is $$needed to precipitate the lead(II) ions from 150.0 mL of 0.250 M lead nitrate solution? (Assume 1:1 stoichiometry)

$$\frac{0.250 \times 150.0}{0.100} = 375 mL$$

Question 1

Which statement best describes the difference between a solute and a solvent in a solution?

Accepted Answer

The solute is present in a lesser amount, and the solvent is present in a greater amount.

Question 2

Which combination of solute and solvent will NOT form a solution according to the 'like dissolves like' principle?

Accepted Answer

Polar solute and nonpolar solvent

Question 3

A nurse prepares an intravenous (IV) solution containing 0.9% NaCl. What is the primary reason this solution is used in medical settings?

Accepted Answer

It is isotonic with blood cells, preventing osmotic imbalance.

Question 4

Which of the following is a strong electrolyte in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

NaCl (sodium chloride)

Question 5

Refer to the solubility graph. Which compound's solubility increases the most as temperature rises from 20°C to 80°C?

Accepted Answer

NaNO3

Question 6

According to Henry’s law, what happens to the solubility of CO2 in soda when the can is opened?

Accepted Answer

The solubility decreases because pressure is released.

Question 7

Which ionic compound is insoluble in water according to the solubility rules?

Accepted Answer

AgCl

Question 8

Which mixture type contains particles that settle rapidly and can be separated by filters?

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 9

Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 25.0 g of NaCl in 650 mL of solution. (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{25.0}{58.44} = 0.428$$ mol; $$\frac{0.428}{0.650} = 0.658 M$$

Question 10

What volume of 0.100 M Na$$_3PO$_4 is $$needed to precipitate the lead(II) ions from 150.0 mL of 0.250 M lead nitrate solution? (Assume 1:1 stoichiometry)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{0.250 	imes 150.0}{0.100} = 375 mL$$

Question 11

Which acid is named 'hydroiodic acid' and what is its anion?

Accepted Answer

HI; I$$^- ($$iodide)

Question 12

Which characteristic is NOT typical of Arrhenius bases?

Accepted Answer

Taste sour

Question 13

In the reaction NH$$_3 + H$_2O$$ $$\rightleftharpoons NH$_4^+ + OH$^-$$, which species acts as the Brønsted–Lowry base?

Accepted Answer

NH$$_3$$

Question 14

Which acid is the only halogen acid that is a weak acid?

Accepted Answer

HF

Question 15

According to Le Châtelier’s Principle, what happens if more reactant is added to a system at equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

The reaction shifts toward the products.

Question 16

What is the pH of a solution with [H$$_3O$^+$$] = $$1.0 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M?

Accepted Answer

pH = 4

Question 17

Which reaction is a neutralization reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) \rightarrow NaCl(aq) + H_2O(l)}$$

Question 18

Which statement about buffer solutions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH by absorbing H$$_3O$^+ or OH$^-$$ ions.

Question 19

Which structural formula represents a branched isomer of butane (C$$_4H$_{10}$$)?

Accepted Answer

CH$$_3$$–CH(CH$$_3$$)–CH$$_3$$

Solutions, Acids, Bases, and Organic Compounds: Study Guide for General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

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