Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of water when salt is dissolved in it, as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Water is the solvent because it is present in a greater amount.

Question 2

Why is water considered a polar molecule, as illustrated in the second image?

Accepted Answer

Because it has polar O–H bonds and an uneven distribution of charge.

Question 3

Which of the following mixtures is most likely represented by test tube (a) in the third image, and why?

Accepted Answer

A solution, because it is transparent and particles do not settle.

Question 4

What process is depicted in the fourth image, where water molecules surround NaCl ions?

Accepted Answer

Hydration

Question 5

Methanol (CH$$_4O) $$dissolves in water due to which type of interaction, as shown in the fifth image?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between the –OH group of methanol and water

Question 6

A patient receives an intravenous (IV) solution, as shown in the sixth image. Why must this solution be isotonic?

Accepted Answer

To prevent water from entering or leaving red blood cells, maintaining cell volume.

Question 7

Which statement best explains why the light bulb glows brightly in the seventh image (strong electrolyte)?

Accepted Answer

The solution contains ions that conduct electricity efficiently.

Question 8

In the eighth image, the light bulb glows dimly. What does this indicate about the solution?

Accepted Answer

It is a weak electrolyte, partially dissociated.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the solution in the ninth image, where the light bulb does not glow?

Accepted Answer

The solution contains a nonelectrolyte.

Question 10

The swollen joint in the tenth image is a symptom of gout. What is the chemical reason for this swelling?

Accepted Answer

Uric acid concentration exceeds its solubility, leading to crystal formation.

Question 11

Which statement about the solution in the eleventh image is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is an unsaturated solution because more solute can still dissolve.

Question 12

In the twelfth image, what is the main difference between the unsaturated and saturated solutions?

Accepted Answer

A saturated solution has undissolved solute and is at equilibrium between dissolving and recrystallizing.

Question 13

Which of the following compounds would form a precipitate when mixed, as shown in the thirteenth image?

Accepted Answer

Pb(NO$$_3$$)$$_2$$ and KI

Question 14

Barium sulfate (BaSO$$_4$$), shown in the fourteenth image, is used in medical imaging because it is insoluble. Which rule explains its insolubility?

Accepted Answer

Sulfates are insoluble when combined with Ba$$^{2+}.$$

Question 15

If you mix 8.00 g of KCl with enough water to make 50.00 g of solution, what is the mass percent (m/m) of KCl?

Accepted Answer

$$16.0\%$$

Question 16

Which equation correctly relates the concentrations and volumes before and after dilution?

Accepted Answer

$$C_1V_1 = C_2V_2$$

Question 17

Which property is unique to colloids, as shown in the image comparing solutions, colloids, and suspensions?

Accepted Answer

Colloid particles do not settle and can be separated by semipermeable membranes.

Question 18

What happens to red blood cells in a hypertonic solution, as shown in the last image?

Accepted Answer

They shrink due to water leaving the cell (crenation).

Solutions and Their Properties: Study Guide for College Chemistry

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