Q: What is the molarity ($$M) of a $$solution prepared by dissolving 34.8 g of KNO$$_3 in $$enough water to make 0.225 L of solution? (Molar mass of KNO$$_3 = 101.1 g/$$mol)

$$M = \frac{34.8\ \text{g}}{101.1\ \text{g/mol} \times 0.225\ \text{L}} = 1.53\ \text{M}$$

Q: A patient receives 800 mL of an intravenous NaCl solution containing 154 mEq/L of Na$$^+. $$How many milliequivalents of Na$$^+$$ did the patient receive?

$$\text{mEq} = 154\ \text{mEq/L} \times 0.800\ \text{L} = 123\ \text{mEq}$$

Q: A solution contains 15.0 g of Na$$_2CO$_3$$ and 235 g of H$$_2O. $$What is the mass percent (% m/m) of Na$$_2CO$_3 in $$the solution?

$$\frac{15.0\ \text{g}}{250\ \text{g}} \times 100 = 6.00\%$$

Q: What is the final concentration when 0.50 L of 6.0 M HCl solution is diluted to a final volume of 1.0 L?

$$C_2$$ = \frac{$$C_1$$ $$V_1$$}{$$V_2$$} = \frac{6.0\ \text{M} \times 0.50\ \text{L}}{1.0\ \text{L}} = 3.0\ \text{M}$$

Q: A patient is given 1.5 L of an IV solution containing 40 mEq/L of K$$^+$$ and 40 mEq/L of Cl$$^-. $$How many moles of K$$^+$$ are in the solution?

$$\text{moles} = \frac{40\ \text{mEq/L} \times 1.5\ \text{L}}{1000\ \text{mEq/Eq}} = 0.060\ \text{Eq}$$

Question 1

Which statement best describes the difference between a solute and a solvent in a solution?

Accepted Answer

The solute is present in a lesser amount, and the solvent is present in a greater amount.

Question 2

A solution is prepared by dissolving 8.00 g of KCl in water to make a total mass of 50.00 g. What is the mass percent (% m/m) of KCl in the solution?

Accepted Answer

16.0% (m/m)

Question 3

Which of the following combinations will NOT form a solution according to the 'like dissolves like' principle?

Accepted Answer

Polar solute and nonpolar solvent

Question 4

What is the molarity ($$M) of a $$solution prepared by dissolving 34.8 g of KNO$$_3 in $$enough water to make 0.225 L of solution? (Molar mass of KNO$$_3 = 101.1 g/$$mol)

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{34.8\ 	ext{g}}{101.1\ 	ext{g/mol} 	imes 0.225\ 	ext{L}} = 1.53\ 	ext{M}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a strong electrolyte when dissolved in water?

Accepted Answer

NaCl

Question 6

A patient receives 800 mL of an intravenous NaCl solution containing 154 mEq/L of Na$$^+. $$How many milliequivalents of Na$$^+$$ did the patient receive?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{mEq} = 154\ 	ext{mEq/L} 	imes 0.800\ 	ext{L} = 123\ 	ext{mEq}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water flows from lower to higher solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane.

Question 8

A red blood cell is placed in a 0.5% (m/v) NaCl solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will undergo hemolysis (swell and burst).

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a nonelectrolyte?

Accepted Answer

CH$$_3OH$$

Question 10

A solution contains 15.0 g of Na$$_2CO$_3$$ and 235 g of H$$_2O. $$What is the mass percent (% m/m) of Na$$_2CO$_3 in $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{15.0\ 	ext{g}}{250\ 	ext{g}} 	imes 100 = 6.00\%$$

Question 11

Which of the following solutions is isotonic to red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

0.90% (m/v) NaCl

Question 12

What is the final concentration when 0.50 L of 6.0 M HCl solution is diluted to a final volume of 1.0 L?

Accepted Answer

$$C_2$$ = \frac{$$C_1$$ $$V_1$$}{$$V_2$$} = \frac{6.0\ 	ext{M} 	imes 0.50\ 	ext{L}}{1.0\ 	ext{L}} = 3.0\ 	ext{M}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of a hypertonic solution on red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells shrink (crenation).

Question 14

A patient is given 1.5 L of an IV solution containing 40 mEq/L of K$$^+$$ and 40 mEq/L of Cl$$^-. $$How many moles of K$$^+$$ are in the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{moles} = \frac{40\ 	ext{mEq/L} 	imes 1.5\ 	ext{L}}{1000\ 	ext{mEq/Eq}} = 0.060\ 	ext{Eq}$$

Question 15

Which of the following statements about dialysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dialysis removes waste products like urea from the blood by allowing small molecules and ions to pass through the membrane.

Question 16

At 40°C, the solubility of KBr is 80 g/100 g of H$$_2O. $$Which of the following solutions is saturated?

Accepted Answer

200 g KBr in 200 g H$$_2O$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of a gas dissolved in a liquid?

Accepted Answer

Soda water (CO$$_2 in $$water)

Question 18

What is the volume percent (% v/v) of ethanol in a 250 mL bottle of mouthwash containing 21.0 mL of ethanol?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{21.0\ 	ext{mL}}{250\ 	ext{mL}} 	imes 100 = 8.40\%$$

Solutions: Properties, Types, and Biological Relevance

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