Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium

Timberlake - Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 14th Edition

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Timberlake 14th Edition

Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium

문제 97a

10장, 문제 97a

Calculate the volume, in milliliters, of a 0.150 M NaOH solution that will completely neutralize each of the following:
a. 25.0 mL of a 0.288 M HCl solution

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Write the balanced chemical equation for the neutralization reaction. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) in a 1:1 molar ratio:

NaOH + HCl \to NaCl + H_{2} O

Step 2: Calculate the moles of HCl in the given solution. Use the formula

n = M \cdot V

, where

M

is the molarity (0.288 M) and

V

is the volume in liters (convert 25.0 mL to liters by dividing by 1000).

Step 3: Determine the moles of NaOH required for neutralization. Since the reaction is a 1:1 molar ratio, the moles of NaOH needed will be equal to the moles of HCl calculated in Step 2.

Step 4: Calculate the volume of the NaOH solution required. Use the formula

V = \frac{n}{M}

, where

n

is the moles of NaOH (from Step 3) and

M

is the molarity of the NaOH solution (0.150 M).

Step 5: Convert the volume of NaOH from liters to milliliters by multiplying by 1000. This will give the final volume of NaOH solution required to completely neutralize the HCl solution.

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주요 개념

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Molarity (M)

Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is expressed in moles per liter (mol/L). Understanding molarity is crucial for calculating the amount of reactants needed in a chemical reaction, as it allows for the conversion between volume and moles.

Neutralization Reaction

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. In this context, hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The stoichiometry of the reaction, which is typically a 1:1 ratio for strong acids and bases, is essential for determining the volumes required for complete neutralization.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced chemical equation. It involves using mole ratios derived from the coefficients of the balanced equation to relate the amounts of different substances. In this problem, stoichiometry will help determine how much NaOH is needed to neutralize the given volume of HCl.

Calculate the volume, in milliliters, of a 0.150 M NaOH solution that will completely neutralize each of the following:a. 25.0 mL of a 0.288 M HCl solution