Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can grow larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize functions, increasing efficiency.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a single-celled organism with DNA located in an unbound region called the nucleoid, no membrane-bound organelles, and a plasma membrane. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

A mutation causes a eukaryotic cell to lose its mitochondria. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

ATP generation from food molecules

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in all cells?

Accepted Answer

It controls what enters and leaves the cell, acting as a selective barrier.

Question 6

A plant cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell. Which property of the plasma membrane is most relevant to this observation?

Accepted Answer

Its selective permeability, allowing water to enter by osmosis.

Question 7

Which of the following is a feature unique to eukaryotic cells and not found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Question 8

If a cell's surface area is $$100\ \mathrm{\mu m}^2$$ and its volume is $$125\ \mathrm{\mu m}^3$$, what is its surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$0.8$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the surface area to volume ratio is critical for cell function?

Accepted Answer

It affects the rate at which materials can enter or leave the cell relative to the cell's needs.

Question 10

A researcher observes a cell with a cell wall, plasma membrane, and membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 11

Which organelle is primarily responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 12

A cell is observed to have its DNA enclosed within a double membrane. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

This cell is a eukaryote.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins using information from DNA.

Question 14

A bacterial cell is exposed to an antibiotic that disrupts its plasma membrane. What is the most likely immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose control over what enters and exits, leading to cell death.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Question 16

A mutation in a eukaryotic cell prevents the formation of internal membranes. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Modification and transport of proteins and lipids

Question 17

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed in a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a flagellum, a nucleoid region, and no membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following best describes this cell?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why plant cells can maintain a rigid structure while animal cells cannot?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a protective cell wall.

Question 20

A cell is observed to be much larger than typical prokaryotic cells. Which of the following adaptations is most likely present to support its size?

Accepted Answer

Internal membrane systems that increase surface area for metabolic processes

Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Structure and Function

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