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Acid and Base Strength definitions

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  • Strong Acid
    Substance that fully dissociates in water, producing only ions and favoring product formation.
  • Weak Acid
    Substance that partially dissociates in water, with most molecules remaining in their original form.
  • Strong Base
    Compound that completely dissociates in water, yielding a high concentration of hydroxide ions.
  • Weak Base
    Compound that only partially dissociates in water, resulting in few hydroxide ions and favoring reactants.
  • Electrolyte
    Substance that produces ions in solution, enabling electrical conductivity; strength depends on dissociation.
  • Dissociation
    Process where a compound separates into ions when dissolved in water, affecting acid or base strength.
  • Hydronium Ion
    Ion formed when water accepts a proton, represented as H3O+, central to acid-base reactions.
  • Hydroxide Ion
    Negatively charged ion (OH−) produced when bases dissolve in water, responsible for basicity.
  • Conjugate Base
    Species formed after an acid donates a proton, with strength inversely related to the original acid.
  • Conjugate Acid
    Species formed when a base accepts a proton, with strength inversely related to the original base.
  • Affinity
    Tendency of a species to accept or donate protons, influencing acid or base strength.
  • Product Formation
    Result of a reaction where new ions or molecules are generated, favored by strong acids and bases.
  • Reactant Favoring
    Condition where the original substances remain predominant, typical for weak acids and bases.
  • Reversible Reaction
    Chemical process where both forward and reverse reactions occur, with equilibrium favoring one side.
  • Inverse Relationship
    Pattern where increasing the strength of an acid or base decreases the strength of its conjugate counterpart.