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Acid and Base Strength quiz

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  • What is the main difference between a strong acid and a weak acid in terms of dissociation in water?
    A strong acid completely dissociates in water, while a weak acid only partially dissociates.
  • What does it mean for an acid or base to be a strong electrolyte?
    It means the acid or base fully dissociates into ions in water.
  • Give an example of a strong acid and describe what happens when it dissolves in water.
    Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid; it completely dissociates to form H3O+ and Cl- ions.
  • What is the behavior of a weak acid like hydrocyanic acid (HCN) in water?
    HCN only partially dissociates, so most of it remains as HCN in solution.
  • How do strong bases behave in water?
    Strong bases completely dissociate in water, producing OH- ions.
  • Name a strong base and explain its dissociation in water.
    Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base; it fully dissociates into Na+ and OH- ions in water.
  • What is the difference in proton affinity between strong and weak bases?
    Strong bases have a high affinity for protons, while weak bases have a low affinity.
  • What is the relationship between the strength of an acid and its conjugate base?
    There is an inverse relationship: strong acids have weak conjugate bases, and weak acids have stronger conjugate bases.
  • Why do weak acids have stronger conjugate bases?
    Because their conjugate bases have a higher affinity for protons and can more readily accept them.
  • What does it mean if a reaction arrow points more toward the reactants in an acid-base reaction?
    It means the reactants are favored, indicating incomplete ionization typical of weak acids or bases.
  • List three examples of strong acids.
    HCl (hydrochloric acid), HI (hydroiodic acid), and HBr (hydrobromic acid) are strong acids.
  • Which group of metals forms strong bases when combined with OH-?
    Group 1A metals (like Li, Na, K) form strong bases with OH-.
  • What happens to the concentration of the original acid or base in a strong acid or base solution?
    The original acid or base is almost entirely converted to ions, so nearly 0% remains in its original form.
  • How does a weak base like ammonia (NH3) behave in water?
    Ammonia only partially accepts protons, so most of it remains as NH3 in solution.
  • What is the relationship between the strength of a base and its conjugate acid?
    The stronger the base, the weaker its conjugate acid, and vice versa.